Chesapeake Bay and Delmarva Coastal Bays SAV Bibliography

Papers, reports, and books in this section relate to work done on Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) in Chesapeake Bay and Coastal Bays. Papers are assigned to one or more of six broad categories:

1. Distribution, Abundance, and Production
2. Reproductive Biology, Systematics, and Molecular Genetics
3. Environmental Interaction, Processes, and Modeling
4. Animal Interactions
5. Restoration and Management
6. Coastal Bays (Maryland and Virginia)
7. Reference Books Related to SAV Monitoring

Papers are listed in reverse chronological order.

1.Distribution, Abundance, and Production

Published Papers and Reports

Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threaten coastal ecosystems. Waycott, M. C., M. Duarte, T. J. B. Carruthers, R. J. Orth, W. C. Dennison, S. Olyarnik, A. Calladine, J. W. Fourqurean, K. L. Heck, Jr., A. R Hughes, G. A. Kendrick, W. J. Kenworthy, F. T. Short, and S. L. Williams. Ecology. 2009. 106: 12377-12381.

Introduction to the Chesapeake Bay national estuarine research reserve in Virginia. Reay, W.G. and K. A. Moore. Journal of Coastal Research. 2009. 57: 1-9.

Submerged aquatic vegetation of the York River. Moore, K. A. Journal of Coastal Research. 2009. 57: 50-58

Effects of sediment organic content and hydrodynamic conditions on the growth and distribution of Zostera marina. Wicks, C. E., E. W. Koch, J. M. O'Neil, K. Elliston. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2009. 378: 71-80.

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 2007.  Orth, R. J., D. J. Wilcox. A. Kenne, L. S. Nagey, A. Owens, and J. R. Whiting. 2008.  Final Report U.S.E.P.A. (http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav07)

Effects of watershed and estuarine on the abundance of submerged aquatic vegetation in Chesapeake Bay Subestuaries. X. Li, D. E. Weller, C. L. Gallegos, T. E. Jordan, and H. C. Kim. Estuaries and Coasts. 2007. 30: 840-854.

Wind-driven sediment suspension controls light availability in a shallow coastal lagoon. Lawson, S., P., P. L. Wiberg, and K. J. McGlathery.  Estuaries and Coasts.  2007. 30:102-112.  

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay. 2006. R. J. Orth, D. J. Wilcox, L. S. Nagey, A. L. Owens, J. R. Whiting, and A. Kenne. VIMS Special Scientific Report Number 150. Final Report to NOAA, Washington, D.C. Grant No. NA06NMF4570118. 2007. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav06

The distribution of submersed aquatic vegetation in the fresh and oligohaline tidal Potomac River, 2004, U. S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2007 1198. 2007. Rybicki, N. B., Yoon, S. H., Schenk, E. R. and Baldizar, J. B. http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1198/

SeagrassNet monitoring across the Americas: case studies of seagrass decline. F. T. Short, E. W. Koch, J. C. Creed, K. Magalhaes, E. Fernandez, and J. L. Gaeckle. Marine Ecology. 2006. 27: 277-289.

A global crisis for seagrass ecosystems. Orth, R. J., T. J. B. Carruthers, W. C. Dennison, C. M. Duarte, J. W. Fourqurean, K. L. Heck, Jr., A. R. Hughes, G. A. Kendrick, W. J. Kenworthy, S. Olyarnik, F. T. Short, M. Waycott, and S. L. Williams. Bioscience. 2006. 56: 987-996.

2005 Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay. R. J. Orth, D. J. Wilcox, L. S. Nagey, A. L. Owens, J. R. Whiting, and A. Kenne. VIMS Special Scientific Report Number 147. Final Report to U.S. EPA, Cheapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD. Grant No. CB973219-01-0, 2006. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav05

Eutrophication of Chesapeake Bay: historical trends and ecological interactions. W. M. Kemp plus 17 authors. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2005. 303: 1-29. http://www.int-res.com/articles/feature/m303p001.pdf

Seagrass recovery in the Delmarva Coastal Bays, USA. R . J. Orth, M. L. Luckenbach, S. R. Marion, K. A. Moore, D. J. Wilcox. Aquatic Botany. 2005. 84: 26-36.

2004 Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and coastal bays. R. J. Orth, D. J. Wilcox, L. S. Nagey, A. L. Owens, J. R. Whiting, and A. Kenne. VIMS Special Scientific Report Number 146. Final Report to U.S. EPA, Cheapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD. Grant No. CB9973013-01-0, 2005. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav04

Historical Analysis of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) in the Potomac river and Analysis of Bay-wide SAV Data to Establish a New Acreage Goal. Moore, K. A., Wilcox, D. J., Anderson, B., Parham, T. A., Naylor, M. D. (2004). Final Report to US EPA Chesapeake Bay Program (CB983627-01), Annapolis MD. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/Final_SAV_Historical_Report_2004.pdf

2003 Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and coastal bays. R. J. Orth, D. J. Wilcox, L. S. Nagey, A. L. Owens, J. R. Whiting, and A. Serio. VIMS Special Scientific Report Number 144. Final Report to U.S. EPA, Cheapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD. Grant No. CB983807-01-0, 2004. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav03

The seagrasses of the Mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. E. W. Koch and R. J. Orth. 2003. pp. 234-243. In: E.P. Green and F.T. Short (eds.). World Atlas of Seagrasses. University of California Press, Berkley, California.

Analysis of Historical Distribution of SAV in the Eastern Shore Coastal Basins and Mid-Bay Island Complexes as Evidence of Historical Water Quality Conditions and a Restored Bay Ecosystem. Moore K. A., Wilcox D., Anderson B., Orth R. J. (2003a). Special Report No. 383 in Applied Marine Science and Ocean Engineering. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA.

Intensive Water Quality Mapping of Nearshore and Mid-Channel Regions of the James River Relative to SAV Growth and Survival Using the DATAFLOW Surface Water Quality Mapping System. Moore K. A., Anderson, B. and Wilcox, D. (2003b). Special Report No. 385 in applied Marine Science and Ocean Engineering, Gloucester Point, VA.

2002 Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and coastal bays. R. J. Orth, D. J. Wilcox, L. S. Nagey, A. L. Owens, J. R. Whiting, and A. Serio. VIMS Special Scientific Report Number 139. Final report to U.S. EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD. Grant No.CB983649-01-0, 2003. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav02

Submerged aquatic vegetation in the mesohaline region of the Patuxent Estuary: past, present, and future status. R. M. Stankelis, M. D. Naylor, and W. R. Boynton. Estuaries. 2003. 26: 186-195.

Historic distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in Chesapeake Bay, MD. Naylor, M. D. (2002). Scientific Report. Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis, MD.

Identification and management of fishing gear impacts in a recovering seagrass system in the coastal bays of the Delmarva peninsula, USA. R. J. Orth, J. R. Fishman, D. J. Wilcox, and K. A. Moore. Journal of Coastal Research. 2002. SI (37): 111-129.

2001 Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and coastal bays. R. J. Orth, D. J. Wilcox, L. S. Nagey, A. L. Tillman, and J. R. Whiting. VIMS Special Scientific Report Number 143. Final report to U.S. EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD. Grant No.CB993777-04-0, 2002. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav01

Analysis of historical distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in the York and Rappahannock rivers as evidence of historical water quality. Moore, K., Wilcox, D., Anderson, B., Orth, R. J. (2001). Special Report No. 375 in Applied Marine Science and Ocean Engineering. VIMS. Gloucester Point, VA. http://www.vims.edu/GreyLit/VIMS/sramsoe375.pdf

2000 Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and coastal bays. R. J. Orth, D. J. Wilcox, L. S. Nagey, J. R. Whiting, and J. R. Fishman. VIMS Special Scientific Report Number 142. Final report to U.S. EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD. Grant No.CB993777-02-0,2001. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav00

Sediment-based reconstruction of submersed aquatic vegetation distribution in the Severn River, a sub-estuary of Chesapeake Bay. R. R. Arnold, J. C. Cornwell, W. C. Dennison, and J. C. Stevenson. Journal of Coastal Research. 2000. 16: 188-195.

Paleoecology of submerged macrophytes in the upper Chesapeake Bay. G. S. Brush and W. B. Hilgartner. Ecological Monographs. 2000. 70: 645-667.

Modeling Dynamic Polygon Objects in Space and Time: A New Graph-based Technique. D. J. Wilcox, M. C. Harwell, and R. J. Orth. Cartography and Geographic Information Science. 2000. 27: 153-164.

Analysis of the Abundance of Submersed Aquatic Vegetation Communities in the Chesapeake Bay. K. A. Moore, D. J. Wilcox, and R. J. Orth. Estuaries. 2000. 23: 115-127.

1999 Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and coastal bays. R. J. Orth, D. J. Wilcox, L. S. Nagey, J. R. Whiting, and J. R. Fishman. VIMS Special Scientific Report Number 141. Final report to U.S. EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD. Grant No.CB993777-02-0, 2000. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav99

Analysis of Historical Distribution of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) in the James River. Moore, K. A., Wilcox, D., Orth, R. J., Bailey, E. (1999). Special Report in App. Mar. Sci and Ocean Eng. No. 355. VIMS/College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA.

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and the coastal bays - 1998. R. J. Orth, J. F. Nowak, D. J. Wilcox, J. R. Whiting, and L. S. Nagey. Final Report U. S. EPA. 1999. 370 pp. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav98

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1997. R. J. Orth, J. F. Nowak, D. J. Wilcox, J. R. Whiting, and L. S. Nagey. Final Report U. S. EPA. 1998. 351 pp. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav97

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1996. R. J. Orth, J. F. Nowak, D. J. Wilcox, J. R. Whiting, and L. S. Nagey. Final Report U.S. EPA. 1997. 299 pp. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav96

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1995. R. J. Orth, J. F. Nowak, G. F. Anderson, D. J. Wilcox, J. R. Whiting, and L. S. Nagey. Final Report U.S. EPA. 1996. 293 pp. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav95

Production of reproductive shoots, vegetative shoots, and seeds in populations of Ruppia maritima L. from the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia. G. M. Silberhorn, S. Dewing, and P. A. Mason. Wetlands. 1996. 16: 232-239.

NOAA Coastal change analysis program (C-CAP): Guidance for regional implementation. J. E. Dobson, E. A. Bright, R. L. Ferguson, D. W. Field, L. L. Wood, K. D. Haddad, H. Iredale III, J. R. Jensen, V. V. Kelmas, R. J. Orth and J. P. Thomas. NOAA Technical Report NMFS. 1995. 92 pp.

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1994. R. J. Orth, J. F. Nowak, G. F. Anderson, D. J. Wilcox, J. R. Whiting, and L. S. Nagey. Final Report U.S. EPA. 1995. 290 pp. http://www.vms.edu/bio/sav/sav94

Revegetation and propagule transport in the tidal Potomac River. N. B. Rybicki and V. Carter. Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting Aquatic Plant Control Program, Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, Mississippi. 1995. pp. 201-218.

Invasions and declines of submersed macrophytes in the tidal Potomac River and Estuary, the Currituck Sound-Back Bay system, and the Pamlico River Estuary. V. Carter and N. B. Rybicki. Lake and Reservoir Management.1994. 10: 39-48.

Role of weather and water quality in population dynamics of submersed macrophytes in the tidal Potomac River. V. Carter, N. B. Rybicki, J. M. Landwehr, and M. Turtora. Estuaries. 1994. 17: 417-426.

Trends in the distribution, abundance, and habitat quality of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries: 1971-1991.R. J. Orth, R. Batiuk, and J. F. Nowak. Final Report U.S. EPA CBP/TRS 137/95. 1994. 231 pp.

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1993. R. J. Orth, J. F. Nowak, G. F. Anderson, and J. R. Whiting. Final Report U.S. EPA 1994. 262 pp.

Chesapeake Bay SAV Monitoring Program. R. J. Orth. In: L. J. Morris and D. A. Tomasko (eds.). Proceedings and conclusions of Workshops on: Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Initiative and Photosynthetically Active Radiation. Special Publication SJ93-SP13. Palatka, Florida: St. Johns River Water Management District. 1993. pp. 41-45.

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1991. R. J. Orth, J. F. Nowak, G. F. Anderson, K. P. Kiley, and J. R. Whiting. Final Report U.S. EPA. 1992. 260 pp.
http://www.vims.edu/GreyLit/VIMS/sav1991.pdf

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1992. R. J. Orth, J. F. Nowak, G. F. Anderson, and J. R. Whiting. Final Report U.S. EPA. 1993. 268 pp. http://www.vims.edu/GreyLit/VIMS/sav1992.pdf

Population dynamics of submersed macrophytes in the tidal Potomac River, 25th annual meeting, Aquatic Plant Control Research Program. V. Carter, N. B. Rybicki, and M. Turtora. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Misc. Paper A-91-3, Proceedings. 1991. p. 41-53.

Distribution and abundance of waterfowl and submerged aquatic vegetation in Chesapeake Bay. R. E. Munro and M. C. Perry. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. FWS/OBS 78/DX0391. 1991.

Monitoring seagrass distribution and abundance patterns. R. J. Orth, R. L. Ferguson and K. D. Haddad. In: H. S. Bolton (ed.). Coastal Wetlands Coastal Zone '91 Conference-ASCE, Long Beach, CA. July, 1991. pp. 281-300.

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1990. R. J. Orth, J. F. Nowak, A. A. Frisch, K. P. Kiley, and J. R. Whiting. Final Report U.S. EPA. 1991. 260 pp.

Field guide to the submerged aquatic vegetation of Chesapeake Bay. L. M. Hurley. United States Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Estuary Program, Annapolis, Maryland. 1990.

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1989. R. J. Orth and J. F. Nowak. Final Report U.S. EPA. 1990. 249 pp. http://www.vims.edu/GreyLit/VIMS/sav1989.pdf

Monitoring seagrass distribution and abundance patterns: A case study from the Chesapeake Bay. R. J. Orth, K. A. Moore and J. F. Nowak. In: S. J. Kiraly, F. A. Cross, and J. D. Buffington (eds.). Federal Coastal Wetland Mapping Programs. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biology Report90 (18). 1990. 174 pp.

Data on the distribution and abundance of submersed aquatic vegetation in the tidal Potomac River and transition zone of the Potomac Estuary, Maryland, Virginia and the District of Columbia, 1988. N. B. Rybicki and M. R. Schening. U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-123. 1990. 19 p.

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1987. R. J. Orth, A. Frisch, J. F. Nowak and K. A. Moore. Final Report. U.S. E.P.A. 1989. 247 pp. http://www.vims.edu/GreyLit/VIMS/sav1989.pdf

Distribution of Zostera marina L. and Ruppia maritima L.s.L. along depth gradients in the lower Chesapeake Bay, USA. R. J. Orth, and K. A. Moore. Aquatic Botany. 1988. 32: 291-305.

Data on the distribution and abundance of submersed aquatic vegetation in the tidal Potomac River and transition zone of the Potomac Estuary, Maryland, Virginia and the District of Columbia, 1987. N. B. Rybicki, R. T. Anderson, and V. Carter. U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-307.1988. 31 p.

Submerged and emergent aquatic vegetation of the Chesapeake Bay. C .H. Hershner and R. L. Wetzel. In: S. K. Majumdar, L. W. Hall, Jr. and H. M. Austin (eds). Contaminant problems and management of living Chesapeake Bay resources, Pennsylvania Academy Science Typehouse of Easton, Phillipsburg, N.J. 1987. pp. 116-133.

Grasses beneath the bay. R. J. Orth. Virginia Wildlife. 1987. 48: 28-31.

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1986. R. J. Orth, J. Simons, J. Capelli, V. Carter, A. Frisch, L. Hindman, S. Hodges, K. Moore and N. Rybicki. Final Report. U.S. E.P.A. 1987. 191 pp.

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries - 1985. R. J. Orth, J. Simons, J. Capelli, V. Carter, L. Hindman, S. Hodges, K. Moore and N. Rybicki. Final Report. U.S. E.P.A. 1986. 305 pp. http://www.vims.edu/GreyLit/VIMS/sav1985.pdf

Seasonal and year-to-year fluctuations in the growth of Zostera marina L. in the lower Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, USA. R. J. Orth and K. A. Moore. Aquatic Botany. 1986. 24: 335-341.

Data on distribution and abundance of submersed aquatic vegetation in the tidal Potomac River, Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia,1985. N. Rybicki, R. T. Anderson, J. M. Shapiro, C. L. Jones, and V. Carter. U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-126. 1986. 49 p.

Distribution and abundance of submersed aquatic vegetation in the tidal Potomac River and estuary, Maryland and Virginia, May 1978 to November1981. V. Carter, J. E. Paschal, and N. Bartow. U. S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2234A. 1985. 46 p.

Data on distribution and abundance of submersed aquatic vegetation in the tidal Potomac River and transition zone of the Potomac River, Maryland, Virginia and the District of Columbia, 1983 and 1984. V. Carter, N. B. Rybicki, R. T. Anderson, T. J. Trombley and G. L. Zynjuk. U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-82. 1985. 61 p.

Historical changes in submerged macrophytes communities of upper Chesapeake Bay. F. W. Davis. Ecology. 1985. 66: 981-993.

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries - 1984. R. J. Orth, J. Simons, R. Allaire, V. Carter, L. Hindman, K. Moore and N. Rybicki. Final report. U.S. E.P.A. 1985. 155 pp. http://www.vims.edu/GreyLit/VIMS/sav1984.pdf

Hydrilla verticillata in the tidal Potomac River, Maryland, Virginia and the District of Columbia, 1983 and 1984. N. B. Rybicki, V. Carter, R. T. Anderson and T. J. Trombley. U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-77.1985. 26 p.

Hydrilla verticillata in the tidal Potomac River, 1983 and 1984, In: 19th Annual Meeting, Aquatic Plant Control Research Program. N.B. Rybicki, V. Carter, R. T. Anderson and T. J. Trombley. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Misc. Paper A-85-4, Proceedings. 1985. p. 170-174.

Chesapeake Bay's underwater forests. E. G. Macalister and R. J. Orth. Sea Frontiers. 1984. 20: 115-121.

Distribution and abundance of submerged aquatic vegetation in Chesapeake Bay: an historical perspective. R. J. Orth and K. A. Moore. Estuaries.1984. 7: 531-540.

Hydrilla invades Washington, D. C. and the Potomac. K. K. Steward, T. K. Van, V. Carter and A. H. Pieterse. American Journal of Botany. 1984. 71: 162-163.

Submersed aquatic plants of the tidal Potomac River. V. Carter, P. T. Gammon, and N. Bartow. U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1543. 1983. 58 p.

Distribution of submersed aquatic macrophytes in the tidal Potomac River. G. M. Haramis and V. Carter. Aquatic Botany. 1983. 15: 65-79.

Submersed vascular plants: Techniques for analyzing their distribution and abundance. R. J. Orth and K. A. Moore. Marine Technology Society Journal. 1983. 7: 38-52.

Chesapeake Bay: An unprecedented decline in submerged aquatic vegetation. R. J. Orth and K. A. Moore. Science. 1983. 222: 51-53.

The biology and propagation of Zostera marina, , in the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia. R. J. Orth and K. A. Moore. Final Report, U.S.EPA Chesapeake Bay Program, Grant No. R805953 and SRAMSOE No. 265, Virginia Institute of Marine Science. 1982. 195 pp. http://www.vims.edu/GreyLit/VIMS/sramsoe265.pdf

Submerged aquatic vegetation: Distribution and abundance in the lower Chesapeake Bay and interactive effects of light, epiphytes and grazers. R. J. Orth, K. A. Moore, and J. van Montfrans. Final Report, U. S. EPA Chesapeake Program Grant No. X003246. 1982. 141 pp. http://www.vims.edu/GreyLit/VIMS/sav1982.pdf

Submersed aquatic vegetation in the tidal Potomac River and Estuary of Maryland, Virginia and the District of Columbia: Hydrologic Data Report, May 1978 to November 1981. J. E. Paschal, Jr., D. Miller, N. Bartow and V. Carter. U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 82-694. 1982. 220 p.

A Biostratigraphy of Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries: a feasibility study. G. S. Brush, F. W. Davis, and C. A. Stenger. U.S. EPA Final Report Grant No. R806680. 1981. 68 p.

Distribution and abundance of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay: a scientific summary. R. J. Orth and K. A. Moore. SRAMSOE No. 259,Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA. 1981.
http://www.vims.edu/GreyLit/VIMS/sramsoe259.pdf

Distribution and abundance of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay - 1979. R. J. Orth and K. A. Moore. Final Report. U.S. EPA Chesapeake Bay Program, Grant No. X003201. 1981.

Submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay: past, present and future. R. J. Orth and K. A. Moore. In: Proceedings 46th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference. Wildlife Management Institute, Washington, D. C. 1981. pp. 271-283.

Distribution of submerged vascular plants, Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. R. R. Anderson and R. T. Macomber. Final Report, U.S. EPA Chesapeake Bay Program. Grant No. R805970. 1980. 126 pp.

Distribution of submersed aquatic macrophytes in the tidal Potomac River - implications for waterfowl. V. Carter and G. M. Haramis. Atlantic Naturalist. 1980. 33: 14-19.

Submersed aquatic vegetation in the tidal Potomac. V. Carter, J. E. Paschal, and G. M. Haramis. In: Proceedings Conference Coastal Zone1980, ASCE/Hollywood, Florida. 1980. pp. 17-20.

Distribution and abundance of submerged aquatic vegetation in the lower Chesapeake Bay, Virginia. R. J. Orth, K. A. Moore and H. Gordon. EPA-600/8-79-029/SAV l. 1979. 199 pp. http://www.vims.edu/GreyLit/VIMS/sav1979.pdf

Changes in submerged aquatic macrophyte populations at the head of the Chesapeake Bay, 1958-1974. S. Bayley, V. C. Stotts, P. F. Springer and J. Steenis. Estuaries. 1978. l: 171-182.

Summary of available information on Chesapeake Bay submerged vegetation. J. C. Stevenson and N. C. Confer, eds. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Biological Services. FWS/OBS-78/66. 1978. 335 pp.

Distribution and abundance of aquatic vegetation in the upper Chesapeake Bay, 1971-1974. J. A. Kerwin, R. E. Munro and W. W. A. Peterson. In: The effects of Tropical Storm Agnes on the Chesapeake Bay Estuarine System. J. Davis, Ed. Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc. Publication No. 54.The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 1977. pp. 393-400.

The demise and recovery of Zostera marina, in the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia. R. J. Orth. Aquatic Botany. 1976. 2: 141-159.

Distribution and abundance of aquatic vegetation in the upper Chesapeake Bay 1971-1973. J. A. Kerwin, R. E. Munro and W. Peterson. In: J. Davis (ed.), Impact of tropical storm Agnes on Chesapeake Bay. Chesapeake Research Consortium. 1975a. pp. Dl-D21.

Remote sensing of submerged aquatic vegetation in the lower Chesapeake Bay. R. J. Orth and H. Gordon. Final Report NASA Contract NASl-10720. 1975. 62 pp.

Abundance of submerged vascular vegetation in the Rhode River from 1966 to 1973. C. H. Southwick and F. W. Pine. Chesapeake Science. 1975. 16: 147-151.

Submerged vascular plants of the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries. R. R. Anderson. Chesapeake Science. 13 (suppl.). 1972. S87-S89.

Tentative outline for inventory of aquatic vegetation: Myriophyllum spicatum (Eurasian watermilfoil). C. H. Southwick. Chesapeake Science 13 (suppl). 1972. S174-S176.

Observations on the decline of the water milfoil and other aquatic plants, Maryland, 1962-1967. H. J. Elser. Hyacinth Control Journal. 1969. 89: 52-60.

Ecological studies of transition-zone vascular plants in the South River, Maryland. C. C. Philipp and R. G. Brown. Chesapeake Science. 1965. 6: 73-81.

Observations on distribution and control of Eurasian watermilfoil in Chesapeake Bay, 1961. J. H. Steenis, V. C. Stotts, and C. R. Gillette. Proceedings Northeast Weed Control Conference. 1962. 16: 442-448.

Investigations of the pollution and sanitary conditions of the Potomac watershed. H. S. Cumming, W. C. Purdy, and H. P. Ritter. Treasury Department, U. S. Public Health Service Hygenic Lab. Bull. No. 104. 1916. 231 pp.

Masters Theses and Ph.D. Dissertations

The history of submerged aquatic vegetation at the head of Chesapeake Bay: a strategic study. F. W. Davis. Ph.D. Dissertation. The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. USA. 1982.

2. Reproductive Biology, Systematics, and Molecular Genetics

Published Papers and Reports

Influence of environmental factors on Vallisneria americana seed germination. J. C. Jarvis, K. A. Moore. 2008. Aquatic Botany. 88: 283-294

Factors influencing reproduction in American wild celery: a synthesis.McFarland, D. G. and D. Shafer. 2008.  Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 46:129-143.

Effects of edge/interior and patch structure on reproduction in Zostera marina L. in Chesapeake Bay, USA. M. C. Harwell and J. M. Rhode. Aquatic Botany. 2007. 87: 147-154.

Using seeds to propogate and restore Vallisneria americana Michaux (wild celery) in the Chesapeake Bay. K. A. Moore, J. C. Jarvis. 2007. ERDC/TN SAV-07-03. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS. http:/el.erdc.usace.army.mil/elpubs/pdf/sav07-3.pdf

A summary of eelgrass (Zostera marina) reproductive biology with an emphasis on seed biology and ecology from the Chesapeake Bay region. Orth, R. J., S. R. Marion, and K. A. Moore. 2007. SAV Technical Notes Collection (ERDC/TN SAV-07-1). Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center.

Effects of edge/interior and patch structure on reproduction in Zostera marina L. in Chesapeake Bay, USA. M. C. Harwell and J. M. Rhode. Aquatic Botany. 2007. 87: 147-154.

Using seeds to propogate and restore Vallisneria americana Michaux (wild celery) in the Chesapeake Bay. K. A. Moore, J. C. Jarvis. 2007. ERDC/TN SAV-07-03. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS. http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/elpubs/pdf/sav07-3.pdf

Seagrass recovery in the Delmarva Coastal Bays, USA. R. J. Orth, M. L. Luckenbach, S.R. Marion, K. A. Moore, D. J. Wilcox. Aquatic Botany. 2005. 84: 26-36.

Seed production from the mixed mating system of Chesapeake Bay (USA ) (Zostera marina; Zosteraceae). J. Rhode and J. Emmett Duffy. 2004. American Journal of Botany 91 :192-197. http://www.vims.edu/bio/mobee/Rhode_and_Duffy_2004_AMB.pdf

Seed-density effects on germination and initial seedling establishment in Zostera marina in the Chesapeake Bay region. R. J. Orth, J. R. Fishman, M. C. Harwell, S. R. Marion. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2003. 250: 71-79. http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2003/250/m250p071.pdf

Long-distance dispersal potential in a marine macrophyte. M. C. Harwell and R. J. Orth. Ecology 2002. 83: 3319-3330. http://www.esajournals.org/archive/0012-9658/83/12/pdf/i0012-9658-83-12-3319.pdf

Seed bank patterns in Chesapeake Bay (Zostera marina L.): A Bay-wide perspective. M. C. Harwell and R. J. Orth. Estuaries. 2002. 25: 1196-1204.

Investigations of the availability and survival of submersed aquatic vegetation propagules in the tidal Potomac River. N. B. Rybicki, D. G. McFarland, H. A. Ruhl, J. T. Reel, and J. W. Barko. Estuaries. 2001. 24: 407-424.

Influence of a tube-dwelling polychaete on the dispersal of fragmented reproductive shoots. M. C. Harwell and R. J. Orth. Aquatic Botany. 2001. 70:1-7.

Biomechanical properties of the reproductive shoots of . M. R. Patterson, M. C. Harwell, L. M. Orth, and R. J. Orth. Aquatic Botany. 2001. 69: 27-40.

A review of issues in seagrass seed dormancy and germination: implications for conservation and restoration. R. J. Orth, M. C. Harwell, E. M. Bailey, A. Bartholomew, J. T. Jawad, A. V. Lombana, K. A. Moore, J. M. Rhode, and H. W. Woods. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2000. 200: 277-288.

Effects of a deposit-feeding invertebrate on the entrapment of Zostera marina L. seeds. M. W. Luckenbach and R. J. Orth. Aquatic Botany. 1999. 62: 235-247.

Genetic diversity and structure of natural and transplanted populations in the Chesapeake and Chincoteague Bays. S. L. Williams and R. J. Orth. Estuaries. 1998. 21: 118-128.

Effects of predation on Zostera marina seed abundance. J. R. Fishman and R. J. Orth. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology.1996. 198: 11- 26.

Viability and growth of submersed macrophyte propagules from the Potomac River: Laboratory studies. D. G. McFarland and J. W. Barko. Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting Aquatic Plant Control Program, Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, Mississippi. 1995. pp. 219-232.

Seed dispersal in a marine macrophyte: Implications for colonization and restoration. R. J. Orth, M. L. Luckenbach, and K. A. Moore. Ecology.1994. 75: 1927-1939.

Environmental regulation of seed germination in Zostera marina L. in Chesapeake Bay: effects of light, oxygen, and sediment burial depth. K. A. Moore, R. J. Orth and J. F. Nowak. Aquatic Botany.1993. 45: 79-91.

Effect of salinity and temperature on germination of monoecious Hydrilla propagules. V. Carter, N. Rybicki and C. L. Schulman. Journal of Aquatic Plant Management. 1987. 25: 54-57.

Effects of sediment depth and sediment type on the survival of Vallisneria americana Michx grown from tubers. N. Rybicki and V. Carter. Aquatic Botany.1986. 24: 233-240.

Seed germination and seedling growth of Zostera marina L. in the Chesapeake Bay. R. J. Orth and K. A. Moore. Aquatic Botany. 1983. 15: 117-131.

Anthesis and seed production in Zostera marina L. from the Chesapeake Bay. G. Silberhorn, R. J. Orth and K. A. Moore. Aquatic Botany. 1983. 15: 133-144.

Summary of available information on Chesapeake Bay submerged vegetation. J. C. Stevenson and N. M. Confer, Eds. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Biological Services. FWS/OBS-78/66. 1978. 335 pp.

Masters Theses and Ph.D. Dissertations

Influence of Environmental Factors on the Seed Ecology of Vallisneria americana. J.J. Campbell. MS Thesis. College of William and Mary. 2005. 167 pp. http://www.vims.edu/library/Theses/Campbell05.pdf

Microevolutionary processes in Chesapeake Bay (Virginia USA), Zostera marina L. J.M. Rhode. Ph.D. Dissertation. College of William and Mary 2002.188 pp.

Relationships between environmental variables and submersed aquatic vegetation in the Potomac River, 1985-1997. N.B. Rybicki. Ph.D. Dissertation. George Mason University. 2001.

Ecological dispersal mechanisms, reproductive ecology, and the importance of scale in Zostera marina in Chesapeake Bay. M. C. Harwell, Ph.D. College of William and Mary. 2000. 282 pp.

3. Environmental Interactions, Processes, and Modeling

Published Papers and Reports

Community composition and nutrient availability alter sediment organic matter composition in a seagrass bed: a field experiment. 2009. Spivak, A.C., E. A. Canuel, J. E. Duffy, J. G. Douglass, and J. P. Richardson. Marine Ecology Progress Series 376: 55-67.

Effects of sediment organic content and hydrodynamic conditions on the growth and distribution of Zostera marina. 2009. Wicks, C. E., E. W. Koch, J. M. O'Neil, K. Elliston. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 378: 71-80.

Environmental factors affecting recent summertime eelgrass diebacks in the Lower Chesapeake Bay: implications for long-term persistence. K. A. Moore and J. C. Jarvis. 2008. Journal of Coastal Research. 55: 135-147.

  Nitrogen cycling in seagrass meadows.  In: Nitrogen Cycling in the Marine Environment.McGlathery, K. J.  Capone, D., E. Carpenter, D. Bronk, and M. Mulholland (Eds.) 2008.

Using the aquatic macrophyte Vallisneria americana (wild celery) as a nutrient bioindicator. Benson, E. R., J. M. O'Neal, and W. C. Dennison. 2008. Hydrobiologia. 596: 187-196.

Effects of pre-existing submersed vegetation and propagule pressure on the invasion success of Hydrilla verticillata. Chadwell, T. B. and K. A. M. Engelhardt. 2008. Journal of Applied Ecology.45:515-523.

Eutrophication patterns in shallow coastal bays and lagoons: McGlathery, K. J., K. Sundback, and I. C. Anderson.  2007. The role of plants in the coastal filter.  Marine Ecology Progress Series 348: 1-18.

Top-down and bottom-up controls on sediment organic matter composition in an experimental seagrass ecosystem. Spivak, A.C., E. A. Canuel, J. E. Duffy, and J. P. Richardson. Limnology and Oceanography. 2007. 52: 2595-2607.

A Nearshore Model to Investigate the Effects of Seagrass Bed Geometry on Wave Attenuation and Suspended Sediment Transport. S. Chen, L. P.Sanford, E.W. Koch, P. Shi, and E.W. North. Estuaries and Coasts. 2007. 30: 296-310.

Factors influencing reproduction in American wild celery: a synthesis.McFarland, D. G. and D. Shafer. 2008.  Journal of Aquatic Plant Management 46:129-143.

Effects of pre-existing submersed vegetation and propagule pressure on the invasion success of Hydrilla verticillata. Chadwell, T. B. and K. A. M. Engelhardt. 2008. Journal of Applied Ecology.45:515-523. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01384.x

Primary factors influencing water clarity at shallow water site throughout the Chesapeake and Maryland Coastal Bays. J.M. Baldizar and N.B. Ribicki. Subcommittee on Sedimentation, 2006. Proceedings of the Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conferences, 1947 to 2006. http://pubs.usgs.gov/misc_reports/FISC_1947-2006/pdf/1st-7thFISCs-CD/8thFISC/8thFISC.pdf (page 16)

A Nearshore Model to Investigate the Effects of Seagrass Bed Geometry on Wave Attenuation and Suspended Sediment Transport. S. Chen, L. P.Sanford, E.W. Koch, P. Shi, and E.W. North. Estuaries and Coasts. 2007. 30: 296-310.

Chemistry of surface waters: Distinquishing fine-scale differences in sea grass habitats of Chesapeake Bay. E. Dorval and C. M. Jones. Limnology and Oceanorgraphy. 2005. 50: 1073-1083. http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_50/issue_4/1073.pdf

Eutrophication of Chesapeake Bay: historical trends and ecological interactions. W.M. Kemp plus 17 authors. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2005. 303: 1-29. http://www.int-res.com/articles/feature/m303p001.pdf

Effects of Procentrum minimum bloom on light availability for and potential impacts on submersed aquatic vegetation in upper Chesapeake Bay. C. L. Gallegos and P. W. Bergstrom. Harmful Algae. 2005. 4: 553-574.

Habitat requirements for submerged aquatic vegetation in Chesapeake Bay: Water quality, light regime, and physical-chemical factors. W. M. Kemp, R. Batuik, R. Bartleson, P. Bergstrom, V. Carter, G. Gallegos, W. Hunley, L. Karrh, E. Koch, J. Landwehr, K. Moore, L. Murray, M. Naylor, N. Rybicki, J. C. Stevenson, and D. Wilcox. Estuaries. 2004. 27: 363-377.

Influence of seagrasses on water quality in shallow regions of the Lower Chesapeake Bay. K.A. Moore. Journal of Coastal Research. 2004. 45: 162-178.

Modeling seagrass density and distribution in response to changes to turbidity stemming from bivalve filtration and seagrass sediment stabilization. R .I. E. Newell and E. W. Koch. Estuaries. 2004. 27: 793-806.

Periphyton as a UV-B filter on seagrass leaves: a result of different transmittance in the UV-B and PAR ranges. Leslie A. Brandt and Evamaria W. Koch. Aquatic Botany. 2003. 76: 317-327.

Interactive effects of light and salinity stress on the growth, reproduction, and photosynthetic capabilities of Vallisneria americana (Wild Celery). G. T. French and K. A. Moore. Estuaries. 2003. 26: 1255-1268.

Multi-scale experiments in coastal ecology: Improving realism and advancing theory. J. Petersen, W. M. Kemp, W. Boynton, C-C Chen, J. Cornwell, R. Gardner, D. Hinkle, E. Houde, T. Malone, W. Mowitt, L. Murray, L. Sanford, C. Stevenson, K. Sundberg, S. Suttles. BioScience. 2003. 53: 1181-1197.

Long-distance dispersal potential in a marine macrophyte. M. C. Harwell and R. J. Orth. Ecology. 2002. 83: 3319-3330. http://www.esajournals.org/archive/0012-9658/83/12/pdf/i0012-9658-83-12-3319.pdf

Operation of the xanthophyll cycle in the seagrass Zostera marina in response to variable irradiance. P. J. Ralph, S. M. Polk, K. A. Moore, R. J. Orth, and W. O. Smith Jr. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 2002. 271: 189-207.

System-Wide Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Model for Chesapeake Bay. C. F. Cerco and K. Moore. Estuaries. 2001. 24: 522-534.

Calculating optical water quality targets to restore and protect submersed aquatic vegetation: overcoming problems in partitioning the diffuse attenuation coefficient for photosynthetically active radiation. C. L. Gallegos. Estuaries. 2001. 24: 381-397.

Beyond light: Physical, geological, and geochemical parameters as possible submersed aquatic vegetation habitat requirements. E. W. Koch. Estuaries. 2001. 24: 1-17.

Cheasapeake Bay submerged aquatic vegetation water quality and habitat-based requirement and restoration targets : A second technical synthesis. Batiuk R., Bergstrom P., Kemp W. M., Koch E., Murray L., Stevenson J. C., Bartleson R., Carter V., Rybicki N., Landwehr J., Gallegos C., Karrh L., Naylor M., Wilcox D., Moore K. A., Ailstock S., Teichberg M. (2000).CBP/TRS 245/00. EPA 903-R-00-014, U.S. EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD

Seasonal variations in (Zostera marina L.) responses to nutrient enrichment and reduced light availability in experimental ecosystems. K. A. Moore and R. L. Wetzel. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 2000. 244: 1-28.

Scaling submersed plant community responses to experimental nutrient enrichment. L. Murray, R. B. Sturgis, R. Bartleson, W. Severn, and W. M. Kemp. In: S. Bortone (ed.) Seagrasses: Monitoring, ecology, physiology, and management. CRC Publi., Boca Raton, FL. 2000. pp. 241-258.

A Linked Physical and Biological Framework to Assess Biogeochemical Dynamics in a Shallow Estuarine Ecosytem. C. P. Buzzelli, R. L. Wetzel, and M. B. Meyers. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 1999. 49: 829-851.

Summary of correlations among seasonal water quality, discharge, weather, and coverage by submersed aquatic vegetation in the tidal Potomac River and Potomac Estuary, 1983-96. V. Carter, N. B. Rybicki, J. M. Landwehr, J. T. Reel, H. A. Ruhl. 1999. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-657, 81p.

Dynamic simulation of littoral zone habitats in lower Chesapeake Bay. I. Ecosystem characterization related to model development. C. P. Buzzelli. Estuaries. 1998. 21: 659-672.

Dynamic simulation of littoral zone habitats in lower Chesapeake Bay. II. Seagrass habitat primary production and water quality relationships. C. P. Buzzelli, R. L. Wetzel, and M. B. Meyers. Estuaries. 1998. 21: 673-689.

Scaling submersed plant community responses to experimental nutrient enrichment. L. Murrary, R. B. Sturgis, R. D. Bartleson, W. Severn, and W. M. Kemp. In: S. A. Bortone, ed. Seagrasses: monitoring, ecology, physiology, and management. CRC Marine Science Series. CRC Press LLC, FL. 2000. Proceedings of a workshop on Subtropical and tropical seagrass management ecology: responses to environmental stress. Fort Myers, Florida. October14-16, 1998. p. 241-257.

Seasonal pulses of turbidity and their relations to (Zostera marina L.) survival in an estuary. K. A. Moore, R. L. Wetzel, and R .J. Orth. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 1997. 215: 115-134.

Facilitation of phosphate assimilation by aquatic mycorrhizae of Vallisneria americana Michx. C. Wigand and J. C. Stevenson. Hydrobiologia. 1997.342/343: 35-41.

Observations of tidal flux between a submersed aquatic plant stand and the adjacent channel in the Potomac River near Washington, D.C. N. B. Rybicki, H. L. Jenter, V. Carter, R. A. Baltzer, and M. Turtora. Limnology and Oceanography. 1997. 42: 307-317.

Effects of different submersed macrophytes on sediment biogeochemistry. C. Wigand, J. C. Stevenson and J. C. Cornwell. Aquatic Botany. 1997. 56: 233-244.

A comparative analysis of eutrophication patterns in a temperate coastal lagoon. W. R. Boynton, L. Murray, J. D. Hagy, C. Stokes, and W. M. Kemp. Estuaries. 1996. 19: 408-421.

Non-structural carbohydrate reserves of Zostera marina. M. K. Burke, W. C. Dennison and K. A. Moore. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 1996: 137: 195-201. http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/137/m137p195.pdf

Effect of increasing photon irradiance on the growth of Vallisneria americana in the tidal Potomac River. V. Carter, N. B. Rybicki, and M. Turtora. Aquatic Botany. 1996. 54: 337-345.

Subaqueous Soils: A Pedological Approach to the Study of Shallow-Water Habitats. G. P. Demas, M. C. Rabenhorst, and J. C. Stevenson. Estuaries.1996. 19: 229-237.

Ecosystem model of an estuarine submersed plant community: Calibration and simulation of eutrophication responses. C. J. Madden and W. M. Kemp. Estuaries. 1996. 19: 457-474.

Zostera marina L. growth and survival along a gradient of nutrients and turbidity in the lower Chesapeake Bay. K. A. Moore, H. A. Neckles and R. J. Orth. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 1996. 142: 247-259. http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/142/m142p247.pdf

Nutrient inputs to the Choptank River estuary: Implications for watershed management. L. W. Staver, K. W. Staver, and J. C. Stevenson. Estuaries.1996. 19: 342-358.

Photosynthetic responses of Zostera marina L. to light and sediment sulfide in a shallow barrier island lagoon. J. L. Goodman, K. A. Moore and W. C. Dennison. Aquatic Botany. 1995. 50: 37-47.

Simulation models of an estuarine macrophyte ecosystem. W. M. Kemp, W. R. Boynton, and A. J. Hermann. In: B. Patten and S. W. Jorgesen (eds.) Complex ecology. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1995. pp. 262-278.

Effects of a polyhaline SAV bed on spatial and temporal variability in water quality. K. A. Moore and J. L. Goodman. In: Toward a sustainable coastal watershed. The Chesapeake Experiment 1994 Chesapeake Research Conference.1995. pp. 615-628.

Role of weather and water quality in population dynamics of submersed macrophytes in the tidal Potomac River. V. Carter, N. B. Rybicki, J. M. Landwehr, and M. Turtora. Estuaries. 1994. 17: 417-426.

Relative responses by epiphytic photoautotrophs and heterotrophs in Zostera marina (eelgrass) microcasms: Responses to nutrient enrichment and grazing. H. A. Neckles, E. T. Koepfler, L. W. Haas, R. L. Wetzel and R. J. Orth. Estuaries. 1994. 17: 597-605.

Zostera marina L. growth response to atrazine in root-rhizome and whole plant exposure experiments. A. C. Schwarzschild, W. G. MacIntyre, K. A. Moore and E. L. Libelo. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 1994. 183: 77-89.

The presence and possible ecological significance of mycorrhizae in the submersed macrophyte Vallisneria americana. C. Wigand and J. C. Stevenson. Estuaries. 1994. 17: 217-226.

Assessing water quality with submersed aquatic vegetation. W. C. Dennison, R. J. Orth, K. A. Moore, J. C. Stevenson, V. Carter, S. Kollar, P. Bergstrom and R. A. Batiuk. Bioscience. 1993. 43: 86-94.

Daily variability in the measurement of light attenuation using scalar (spherical) and cosine-corrected quantum sensors. K. A. Moore and J. L. Goodman. In: Proceedings and conclusions of Workshops on: Submerged Aquatic Vegetation and Photosynthetically Active Radiation. Special PublicationSJ93-SP13. Palatka, Florida, St. Johns Water Management District. 1993. p. 159-167.

Environmental regulation of seed germination in Zostera marina L. in Chesapeake Bay: Effects of light, oxygen and sediment burial depth. K. A. Moore, R. J. Orth and J. F. Nowak. Aquatic Botany.1993. 45: 79-91.

Relative effects of nutrient enrichment and grazing on epiphyte-macrophyte Zostera marina L. dynamics. H. A. Neckles, R. L. Wetzel and R. J. Orth. Oecologia.1993. 93: 275-295.

Nitrogen versus phosphorus enrichment of brackish waters: Response of Potamogeton perfoliatus and its associated algal communities. J. V. Neundorfer and W. M. Kemp. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 1993. 94: 71-82. http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/94/m094p071.pdf

Water quality associated with survival of submersed aquatic vegetation along an estuarine gradient. J. C. Stevenson, L. W. Staver, and K. W. Staver. Estuaries. 1993. 16: 346-361.

Influence of the submersed plant, Potamogeton perfoliatus L., on nitrogen cycling in estuarine sediments: Use of 15N techniques. J. M. Caffrey and W. M. Kemp. Limnology and Oceanography. 1992. 37: 1483-1495. http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_37/issue_7/1483.pdf

Nitrogen versus phosphorus limitation for growth of an estuarine population of (Zostera marina L.). L. Murray, W. C. Dennison, and W. M. Kemp. Aquatic Botany. 1992. 44: 82-100.

Seasonal and spatial patterns of oxygen production, respiration and root-rhizome release in Potamogeton perfoliatus L. and Zostera marina L. J. M. Caffrey and W. M. Kemp. Aquatic Botany. 1991. 40: 109-128.

Effects of submersed macrophytes on dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature under different conditions of wind, tide, and bed structure. V. Carter, N. Rybicki and R. Hammerschlag. Journal of Freshwater Ecology. 1991. 6: 121-133.

Light attenuation and submersed macrophyte distribution in the tidal Potomac River and Estuary. V. Carter and N. B. Rybicki. Estuaries. 1990.13: 441-452.

Population dynamics of submersed macrophytes in the tidal Potomac River in 25th annual Meeting. V. Carter, N. Rybicki and M. Turtora. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Misc. Paper A-91-3, Proceedings. 1991. p. 41-53.

Nitrogen cycling in sediments with estuarine populations of Potamogeton perfoliatus L. and Zostera marina. J. M. Caffrey and W. M. Kemp. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 1990. 66: 147-160. http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/66/m066p147.pdf

Tidal mass exchange between a submerged aquatic vegetation bed and the main channel of the Potomac River. H. S. Jenter, N. Rybicki, R. B. Baltzer and V. Carter. Proceedings 1991 Hydraulic Conference, American Society of Civil Engineers, Nashville, Tennessee. 1990. p. 298-304.

Aspects of nitrogen acquisition and conservation in plants. J. L. Borum, L. Murray, and W. M. Kemp. Aquatic Botany. 1989. 35: 289-300.

Data on physical, chemical and biological data and characteristics of Hydrilla beds, mixed beds, and unvegetated sites in the tidal Potomac River, Maryland and Virginia. V. Carter, N. Rybicki, R. C. Jones, J. W. Barko, P. V. Dresler, R. E. Hickman and R. T. Anderson. U. S. Geological Survey Open-FileReport88-709. 1989. 196 pp.

Effects of submersed aquatic macrophytes on physical and chemical properties of surrounding water. J. W. Barko, G. L. Godshalk, V. Carter and N. Rybicki. Department of the Army Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report A-99-11. 1988. 28 pp.

Effects of submersed macrophytes on water quality in the tidal Potomac River, Maryland. V. Carter, J. W. Barko, G. L. Godshalk and N. B. Rybicki. Journal of Freshwater Ecology. 1988. 4: 493-501.

Light response and adaptation for the submersed macrophyte, Potamogeton perfoliatus: Implications for survival in turbid tidal waters. W. G. Goldsborough and W. M. Kemp. Ecology. 1988. 69: 1775-1786.

Diel growth in Zostera marina. W. M. Kemp, L. Murray, J. Borum, and K Sand-Jensen. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 1987. 41: 79-86. http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/41/m041p079.pdf

Oxygen metabolism of the principal autotrophic components of a temperate seagrass community: plant-epiphyte, phytoplankton and benthic algae. L. Murray, and R. L. Wetzel. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 1987. 38: 231-239.

The effects of grazers and light penetration on the survival of transplants of Vallisneria americana Michx in the tidal Potomac River, Maryland. V. Carter and N. B. Rybicki. Aquatic Botany. 1986. 23: 197-213.

Photosynthetic temperature acclimation in two coexisting seagrasses, Zostera marina L. and Ruppia maritima L. A. Evans, K. L. Webb and P.A. Penhale. Aquatic Botany. 1986. 24: 185-197.

Uptake, release, and photosynthetic inhibition of atrazine in the submersed macrophyte Potamogeton perfoliatus L. T. W. Jones, W. M. Kemp, P.S. Estes, and J. C. Stevenson. Arch. Environmental Contamination Toxicology. 1986. 15: 277-282.

Comparison of methods for measuring production by the submersed macrophyte, Potamogeton perfoliatus L. W. M. Kemp, M. R. Lewis, and T. W. Jones. Limnology and Oceanography. 1986. 31: 1322-1334. http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_31/issue_6/1322.pdf

Oxygen release from roots of the submersed macrophyte, Potamogeton perfoliatus L: regulating factors and ecological implications. W. M. Kemp, and L. Murray. Aquatic Botany. 1986. 26: 271-283.

Effects of sediment depth and sediment type on the survival of Vallisneria americana Michx grown from tubers. N. B. Rybicki and V. Carter. Aquatic Botany. 1986. 24: 233-240.

A comparative study of decomposition, oxygen consumption, and nutrient release for selected aquatic plants occurring in an estuarine environment. R. R. Twilley, G. Ejdung, P. Romare, and W. M. Kemp. Oikos. 1986. 47: 190-198.

A model of Zostera marina L. photosynthesis and growth: simulated effects of selected physical-chemical variables and biological interactions. R. L. Wetzel and H. A. Neckles. Aquatic Botany. 1986. 26: 307-324.

A summary of scientific research to address management need. D. A. Flemer, W. Boynton, C. D'Elia, W. M. Kemp, M. Nichols. R. Orth, J. Smullen, J. Taft, R. Wetzel. In: N-L Chao and W. Kirby-Smith (eds.) Utilization of coastal ecosystems. University Rio Grande Press, Brazil. 1985.

Effects of atrazine and linuron on photosynthesis and growth and macrophytes, Potamogeton perfoliatus L. and Myriophyllum spicatum L., in an estuarine environment. W. M. Kemp, W. R. Boynton, J. J. Cunningham, J. C. Stevenson, T. W. Jones, and J. C. Means. Marine Environmental Research. 1985. 16: 255-280.

Nutrient enrichment of estuarine submersed vascular plant communities: I. Algal growth and effects on production of plants and associated communities. R .R. Twilley, W. M. Kemp, K.W. Staver, J. C. Stevenson, and W. R. Boynton. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 1985. 23: 179-191. http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/23/m023p179.pdf

A water-quality study of the tidal Potomac River and Estuary - An overview. E. Callender, V. Carter, D. C. Hahl and K. Hitt (Eds.). U. S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2233. 1984. 46 pp.

Temporal responses of the macrophyte, Potamogeton perfoliatus L., and its associated autotrophic community to atrazine exposure in estuarine microcosms. J. J. Cunningham, W. M. Kemp, J. C. Stevenson, and M. R. Lewis. Estuaries. 1984. 7: 519-530.

Determination of adenine nucleotide levels in Zostera marina. D. Delistraty and C. Hershner. Journal of Applied Biochemistry.1984. 5: 404-419.

Effects of the herbicide atrazine on adenine nucleotide levels in Zostera marina L. D. Delistraty and C. Hershner. Aquatic Botany.1984. 18: 353-369.

Uptake and phytotoxicity of atrazine and its metabolites in submerged macrophytes. T. W. Jones and P. S. Estes. Journal of Environmental Quality.1984. 13: 243-247.

Influences of submersed vascular plants on ecological processes in upper Chesapeake Bay. W. M. Kemp, W. R. Boynton, R. R. Twilley, J. C. Stevenson, and L. G. Ward. In: V.S. Kennedy (ed.) Estuaries as filters. Academic Press, New York. 1984. pp. 367-394.

Effects of atrazine and linuron on photosynthesis and growth of the macrophytes, Potamogeton perfoliatus L. and Myriophyllum spicatum L., in an estuarine environment. W. M. Kemp, M. R. Lewis and T. W. Jones. Limnology and Oceanography. 1984. 31: 1322-1334.

Epiphyte-grazer relationships in seagrass meadows: Consequences for seagrass growth and production. J. van Montfrans, R. L. Wetzel and R. J. Orth. Estuaries. 1984. 7: 289-309.

Growth of Zostera marina L. seedlings under laboratory conditions of nutrient enrichment. M. H. Roberts, Jr., R. J. Orth and K. A. Moore. Aquatic Botany. 1984. 20: 321-328.

A comparative study of decomposition, oxygen consumption and nutrient release for selected aquatic plants occurring in an estuarine environment. R. R. Twilley, G. Ejdung, P. Romase and W. M. Kemp. Oikos. 1984. 47: 190-198.

Nutrient enrichment of estuarine submersed vascular plant communities. I. Algal growth and effects on production of plants and associated communities. R. R. Twilley, W. M. Kemp, K. W. Staver, K. W. Stevenson, and J. C. Boynton. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 1984. 23: 179-191.

The influence of waves and seagrass communities on suspended sediment dynamics in an estuarine embayment. L. G. Ward, W. M. Kemp and W. R. Boynton. Marine Geology. 1984. 59: 85-103.

Uptake and phytotoxicity of soil-sorbed atrazine for the submerged aquatic plant, Potamogeton perfoliatus L. T. W. Jones and P. S. Estes. Arch. Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 1983. 13: 237-241.

Uptake and photosynthetic inhibition by atrazine and its degradation products on four species of submerged aquatic vegetation. T. W. Jones, and L. Winchel. Journal of Environmental Quality. 1983. 13: 243-247.

A simulation modeling framework for analysis of estuarine ecosystems: The case of submerged vascular plants in upper Chesapeake Bay. W. M. Kemp, W. Boynton, and A. Hermann. In: K. Turgeon (ed.) Marine ecosystems modeling. NOAA Publ., Washington, D.C. 1983. pp. 131-158.

The decline of submerged vascular plants in upper Chesapeake Bay: Summary of results concerning possible causes. W. M. Kemp, W. R. Boynton, J. C. Stevenson, R. R. Twilley, and J. C. Means. Marine Technology Society Journal. 1983. 17: 78-79.

Structural and functional aspects of the ecology of submerged aquatic macrophyte communities in the lower Chesapeake Bay, Volume I: Studies of structures and function of a temperate, estuarine seagrass community: Vaucluse Shores, lower Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, U.S.A. R. L. Wetzel. Final Grant Report, U.S. E.P.A Chesapeake Bay Program, nos. R805974 and X003245-01,Annapolis, Maryland, and VIMS Special Report in Applied Marine Science and Ocean Engineering No. 267, Gloucester Point, Virginia. 1983.

Production ecology of seagrass communities in the lower Chesapeake Bay. R. L. Wetzel and P. A. Penhale. Marine Technology Society Journal. 1983.17: 22-31.

Structural and functional aspects of the ecology of submerged aquatic macrophyte communities in the lower Chesapeake Bay, Volume II; Submarine light quantity and quality in the lower Chesapeake Bay and its potential role in the ecology of submerged seagrass communities. R. L. Wetzel and R. F. van Tine (eds.). Final Grant Report, U.S. E.P.A. Chesapeake Bay Program, nos. R805974 and X003245-01, Annapolis, Maryland and VIMS Special report in Applied Marine Science and Ocean Engineering no. 267, Gloucester Point, Virginia. 1983.

Ecological role and value of submerged macrophyte communities: a scientific summary. W. R. Boynton. In: E. Macalaster, D. Barker, M. Kasper, eds. Chesapeake Bay Program Technical Studies: A Synthesis. U.S. EPA, NTIS, Springfield, Virginia. 1982. p. 428-502.

The decline of submerged macrophyte systems in Chesapeake Bay: Modeling the eco/energetic and socio/economic implications. W. Boynton, W. M. Kemp, A. Hermann, J. Kahn, T. Scheler, S. Bollinger, S. Longergan, and J. Zucchetto. In: W. Mitsch, R. Bosserman, J. Klopatik (eds.). Energy and ecological modeling. Elservier, Amsterdam. 1982. pp. 441-454.

Degradation of atrazine in estuarine water/sediment and selected soils. T. W. Jones, W. M. Kemp, J. C. Stevenson and J. C. Means. Journal of Environmental Quality. 1982. 11: 632-638.

Herbicides in Chesapeake Bay and the effects on submerged aquatic vegetation. W. M. Kemp, J. C. Means, T. W. Jones, and J. C. Stevenson. In: Chesapeake Bay Program Technical Studies: A Synthesis, U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C., 1982. pp. 503-567.

Nitrogen cycling at estuarine interfaces. W. M. Kemp, R. L. Wetzel, W. R. Boynton, C. D'Elia, and C. Stevenson. In: V.S. Kennedy (ed) Estuarine Comparisons. Academy Press, NY. 1982. pp. 209-220.

A rapid technique for preparation of aquatic macrophyte samples for measuring C incorporation. M. R. Lewis, W. M. Kemp, J. J. Cunningham, and J. C. Stevenson. Aquatic Botany. 1982. 13: 203-207.

An overview of atrazine dynamics in estuarine ecosystems. J. C. Stevenson, T. W. Jones, W. M. Kemp, W. R. Boynton and J. C. Means. In: J. D. Costlow, L. E. Cronin, T. B. Duke, and W. McClellan (eds.). Agrichemicals and estuarine productivity. John Wiley Publishers. 1982.

Atrazine toxicity to submersed vascular plants in simulated estuarine microcosms. D. L. Correll and T. L. Wu. Aquatic Botany. 1982. 14: 151-158.

The effect of fertilizers on transplanted , Zostera marina L., in the Chesapeake Bay. R. J. Orth and K. A. Moore. In: F. J. Webb (ed.), Proc. Ninth Annual Conference Community College, Tampa, Florida, May 20-21. 1982.

An overview of atrazine dynamics in estuarine ecosystems. J. C. Stevenson, T. W. Jones, W. M. Kemp, W. R. Boynton, and J. C. Means. In: J. D. Costlow, L .E. Cronin, T. B. Duke, and W. McClellan (eds.) agrichemicals and estuarine productivity. NOAA Publication, Washington, D.C. 1982. pp.71-94.

Light and submerged macrophyte communities in the Chesapeake Bay: A scientific summary. R. L. Wetzel, R. F. van Tine and P. A. Penhale. SRAMSOE260, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA. 1982. 59 pp.

Microcosms, macrophytes and hierarchies: Environmental research in the Chesapeake Bay. W. M. Kemp, M. Lewis, J. Cunningham, J. C. Stevenson, and W. Boynton. In: J. Giesy (ed.) Microcosm Research in Ecology. ERDA Conf. Ser.,NTIS, Springfield, VA. 1980. pp. 911-939.

A research design for understanding and managing complex environmental resource systems. W. R. Boynton, W. M. Kemp, and J. C. Stevenson. In: R. R. Johnson and J. F. McCormick (eds.) Strategies for the protection and management of wetlands and other riparian ecosystems. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, GTR-WO-12, Washington, D.C. 1979. pp. 169-177.

Nitrogen fixation associated with four species of submersed angiosperms in the central Chesapeake Bay. F. J. Lipschultz, J. J. Cunningham and J. C. Stevenson. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 1979. 9: 813-818.

Summary of available information on Chesapeake Bay submerged vegetation. J. C. Stevenson and N. M. Confer, Eds. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Biological Services. FWS/OBS-78/66. 1978. 335 pp.

Effects of nutrient enrichment on the growth of Zostera marina, in the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia. R. J. Orth. Marine Biology.1977. 44: 187-194.

Aquatic plant die-offs in Chesapeake Bay: relationship to light penetration and/or herbicide pollution. D. C. Correll, T. Wu and J. W. Pierce. Vol. I EPA903/9-76-001. 1976a. 11 pp.

Aquatic plant die-offs in Chesapeake Bay; relationship to light penetration and/or herbicide pollution. D. C. Correll, T. Wu and J. W. Pierce. Vol. II EPA 903/9-76-001. 1976b. 9 pp.

Temperature and rooted aquatic plants. R. R. Anderson. Chesapeake Science. 1969. 10: 157-164.

The mineral content of Myriophyllum spicatum L. in relation to its aquatic environment. R. R. Anderson, R. G. Brown and R. D. Rappleye. Ecology. 1967. 47: 844-846.

Pest plant control with herbicides. J. H. Steenis, E. W. Ball, V. D. Stotts and C. K. Rawls. In: Proceedings Marsh Estuary Management Symposium, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge. 1967. pp. 140-148.

Mineral composition of Eurasian watermilfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum. R. R. Anderson, R. G. Brown and R. D. Rappleye. Chesapeake Science. 1965. 6: 68-72.

Tidal dispersal of herbicides to control Eurasian watermilfoil in the Chesapeake Bay. J. H. Steenis and V. D. Stotts. Proceedings Southern Weed Conference. 1965. 18: 507-511.

Ecology and mineral nutrition of Myriophyllum spicatum (L.). R. R. Anderson. M.S. Thesis, University of Maryland, College Park. 1964. 42 pp.

Progress report on control of Eurasian watermilfoil. J. H. Steenis and V. D. Stotts. Proceedings Northeast Weed Control Conference. 1961.15: 566-570.

Masters Theses and Ph.D. Dissertations

Influences of habitat conditions on submerged aquatic vegetation development in the Chickahominy River and other Virginia tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay. Shields, E.C. 2008. MS Thesis. College of William and Mary. 141 pp. http://web.vims.edu/library/Theses/Shields08.pdf

Effects of thermal effluent from C.P. Crane generating station on the submersed aquatic vegetation in the Saltpeter-Dundee Creek system. Beser, T. M. 2007. MS Thesis. University of Maryland College Park.

Effects of pre-existing submersed macrophytes on the invasion success of Hydrilla verticillata. Chadwell, T. B. 2004. MS Thesis. University of Maryland, College Park.

Spatial structure and heterongeneity in beds of the seagrass Ruppia maritima and comparison to ecological variables. K. E. Schulte. M.S. Thesis. University of Maryland, College Park. 2003.

Realtionship between seagrass growth and survival and environmental conditions in a lower Chesapeake Bay tributary. K. A. Moore. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park. 1997.

The effects of hydraulic clam dredging on nearshore turbidity and light attenuation in Chesapeake Bay, MD. K. K. Ruffin. M.S. Thesis. University of Maryland. 1995.

Interacting effects of light and sediment sulfide on (Zostera marina L.) growth. M.S. Thesis. W.A. Kuhn. University of Maryland, College Park. 1992.

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions to waters overlying estuarine populations of two submersed vascular plants. J. V. Neundorfer. M.S. Thesis. University of Maryland, College Park. 1990.

Effects of submersed macrophytes on nitrogen cycling in estuarine sediments. J. M. Caffrey . Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park. 1989.

Aspects of the ecology of estuarine light with special reference to seagrasses of the Chesapeake Bay: measurements and models. R.F. van Tine. Ph.D. Dissertation. College of William and Mary. 1987. 139 pp.

Temperature adaptation in seagrasses. A. S. Evans. M.S. Thesis. College of William and Mary. 1984. 75 pp.

Responses of epiphytic algae to nitrogen and phosphorous enrichment and effects on productivity of the host plant, Potamogeton perfoliatus L., in estuarine waters. K.W. Staver. M.S. Thesis. University of Maryland, College Park. 1984.

Response of the submerged vascular plant. Potamogeton perfoliatus L., to variable light regimes in an estuarine environment. W. J. Goldsborough. M.S. Thesis. University of Maryland, College Park. 1983.

Metabolic and structural studies of several temperate seagrass communities, with emphasis on microalgal components. L. Murray. M.S. Thesis. College of William and Mary, 1983. 90 pp.

Adenine nucleotide levels and adenylate energy charge in Zostera marina; determination and application. D. Delistraty. Ph.D. Dissertation. College of William and Mary. 1982. 227 pp.

Responses of microcosm communities containing submerged aquatic vegetation to herbicide stress. J. J. Cunningham. M.S. Thesis. University of Maryland, College Park. 1979.

An investigation of some homeostatic properties of model ecosystems in terms of community metabolism and component interactions. M. R. Lewis. M.S. Thesis. University of Maryland, College Park. 1979.

Plant ecology of the upper Patuxent River estuary with special reference to the effects of thermal pollution on macrophytes. R. R. Anderson. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park. 1966. 99pp.

4. Animal Interactions

Published Papers and Reports

Trophic transfers from seagrass meadows subsidize diverse marine and terrestrial consumers. Heck, K. L., Jr.,  T. J. B. Carruthers, C. M. Duarte, R. J. Orth, A. R. Hughes, G. A. Kendrick, S. Olyarnik, M. Waycott, and S. L. Williams. 2008. Ecosystems 11:1198-1210.

Spatial and temporal variability of juvenile spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus growth inChesapeake Bay. Smith, N., C. Jones and J. van Montfrans. 2008. J. of Fish Biology. 73: 597-607.

Biodiversity and food web structure influence short-term accumulation of sediment organic matter in an experimental seagrass system. Canuel, E. A., A. C. Spivak, E. J. Waterson, and J. E. Duffy. Limnology and Oceanography. 2007. 52: 590-602. http://aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_52/issue_2/0590.pdf

Restoration of waterbird habitats in Chesapeake Bay: Great expectations or Sisyphus revisited.  Erwin, R. M. and R. A. Beck. 2007. Waterbirds 30 (Spec. Publ 1):163-176.

The functional role of biodiversity in food webs: Incorporating trophic complexity. Duffy, J. E., B. J. Cardinale, K. E. France, P. B. McIntyre, E. Thébault, and M. Loreau. Ecology Letters. 2007. 10: 522-538.

TEcology of postlarval and young juvenile blue crabs. Lipcius, R.N., D.B. Eggleston, K.L. Heck, Jr., R.D. Seitz and J. vanMontfrans. 2007. In: The Blue Crab, Callinectes sapidus. (Eds. Victor S. Kennedy and L. Eugene Cronin), pp. 535-564. University of Maryland Sea Grant Press, 800 pp.

Long-term changes in abundance and diversity of macrophyte and waterfowl populations in an estuary with exotic macrophytes and improving water quality. Rybicki, N. B., and Landwehr, J. M. Limnology and Oceanography. 2007. 52: 1125-1207.

Effects of biodiversity on the functioning of trophic groups and ecosystems: A meta-analysis. Cardinale, B. J., Srivastava, D. S., Duffy, J. E., Wright, J. P., Downing, A.L., Sankaran, M. and Jouseau, C. Nature. 2006. 443: 989-992.

Relating otolith chemistry to surface-water chemistry in a coastal plain estuary. Dorval, E., C' Jones R. Hannigan and J. van Montfrans. 2006. Can. J. of Fish. & Aquatic Sci. 64: 411-424.

Biodiversity and the functioning of seagrass ecosystems. Duffy, J. E. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2006. 311: 233-250. http://www.vims.edu/bio/mobee/Duffy_2006_MEPS.pdf

Why biodiversity is important to oceanography: potential roles of genetic, species, and trophic diversity in pelagic ecosystem processes. Duffy, J. E. and J. J. Stachowicz. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2006. 311: 179-189. http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps_oa/m311p179.pdf

Consumer diversity mediates invasion dynamics at multiple trophic levels. France, K. E. and J. E. Duffy. Oikos. 2006. 113: 515-529.

Biodiversity, dispersal, and scale interactively affect stability of ecosystem function in seagrass metacommunities. France, K. E. and J. E. Duffy. Nature. 2006. 441: 1139-1143.

Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services. Worm, B., E. B. Barbier, N. Beaumont, J. E. Duffy, C. Folke, B. S. Halpern, J. B. C. Jackson, H. K. Lotze, F. Micheli, S. R. Palumbi, E. Sala, K. A. Selkoe, J. J. Stachowicz, and R. Watson. Science. 2006. 314: 787-790.

 Can otolith chemistry be used for identifying essential seagrass habitats for
juvenile spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus, in Chesapeake Bay?  Dorval, E., C. M. Jones, R. Hannigan and J. van Montfrans.  2005. Mar. Freshwater Res. 56: 645-653.

Density abundance and survival of the blue crab in seagrass and unstructured salt marsh nurseries of Chesapeake Bay. R. N. Lipcius, R. D. Seitz, M. S. Seebo, D. Colon-Carrion. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 2005. 319: 69-80.

Food availabilty and growth of the blue crab in seagrass and unvegetated nurseries of Chesapeake Bay. R. D. Seitz, R. N. Lipcius, M. S. Seebo. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 2005. 319: 57-68.

Ecosystem consequences of diversity depend on food chain length in estuarine vegetation. J. E. Duffy, J. P. Richardson, K. E. France. Ecology Letters. 2005. 8: 301-309. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00725.x?cookieSet=1

Grazer diversity effects on ecosystem functioning in seagrass beds. J. E. Duffy, J. P. Richardson, E. A. Canual. Ecology Letters. 2003. 6: 637-645.

Substrate selection by blue crab Callinectes sapidus megalopae and first juvenile instars. J. van Montfrans, C. H. Ryer, R. J. Orth. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2003. 260: 209-217.

Faunal colonization of artificial seagrass plots: The importance of surface area versus space size relative to body size. A. Bartholomew. Estuaries. 2002. 25: 1045-1052.

Critical evaluation of the nursey role hypothesis for seagrass meadows. K. L. Heck, Jr., G. Hays, R. J. Orth. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2002. 25: 123-136.

The response of fishes to submerged aquatic vegetation complexity in two ecoregions of the Mid-Atlantic Bight: Buzzards Bay and Chesapeake Bay. J. C. Wyda, L. A. Deegan, J. E. Hughes, and M. J. Weaver. Estuaries. 2002. 25: 86-100.

Effects of seagrass habitat fragmentation on juvenile blue crab survival and abundance. K. A. Hovel and R. N. Lipcius. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 2002. 271: 75-98.

Habitat quality and prey size as determinants of survival in post-larval and early juvenile instars of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus. R. J. Orth and J. van Montfrans. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2002. 231: 205-213. http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps2002/231/m231p205.pdf

Grazer diversity, functional redundancy, and productivity in seagrass beds: an experimental test. J. E. Duffy, K. S. Macdonald, J. M. Rhode, and J. D. Parker. Ecology. 2001. 82: 2417-2434.

Plant species diversity and composition: experimental effects on marine epifaunal assemblages. J. D. Parker, J. E. Duffy, and R. J. Orth. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2001. 224: 55-67.

Species-specific impacts of grazing amphipods in an -bed community. J. E. Duffy and A. M. Harvilicz. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2001. 223: 201-211.

The identification, conservation, and management of estuarine and marine nurseries for fish and invertebrates. M. W. Beck, K. L. Heck, Jr. K. W. Able, D. L. Childers, D. B. Eggleston, B. M. Gillanders, B. Halpern, C. G. Hays, K. Hoshino, T. J. Minello, R. J. Orth, P. F, Sheridan, and M. P. Weinstein. BioScience. 2001. 51: 633-641.

Habitat fragmentation in a seagrass landscape: patch size and complexity control blue crab survival. K. A. Hovel and R. N. Lipcius. Ecology. 2001. 82: 1814-1829.

Influence of a tube-dwelling polychaete on the dispersal of fragmented reproductive shoots of . M. C. Harwell and R. J. Orth. Aquatic Botany. 2001. 70: 1-7.

Seasonal variations in (Zostera marina L.) responses to nutrient enrichment and reduced light availability in experimental ecosystems. K. A. Moore and R. L. Wetzel. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 2000. 244: 1-28.

Effects of a deposit-feeding invertebrate on the entrapment of Zostera marina L. seeds. M. W. Luckenbach and R. J. Orth. Aquatic Botany. 1999. 62: 235-247.

Ontogenetic changes in habitat use by postlarvae and young juveniles of the blue crab. R. A. Pardieck, R. J. Orth, R. J. Diaz, R. N. Lipcius. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 1999. 186: 227-238.

Cannibalism, refugia and the molting blue crab. C. H. Ryer, J. van Montfrans, K. E. Moody. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 1997. 147: 77-85. http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/147/m147p077.pdf

Cannibal-prey dynamics in young juveniles and postlarvae of the blue crab. P-O. Moksnes, R. N. Lipcius, L. Pihl, J. van Montfrans. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 1997. 215: 157-187.

Review of factors affecting the distribution and abundance by waterfowl in shallow-water habitats of Chesapeake Bay. M. C. Perry, and A. S. Deller. Estuaries. 1996. 19: 272-278.

Nursery role of seagrass beds: enhanced growth of juvenile blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun. E. Perkins-Visser, T. G. Wolcott and D. L. Wolcott. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 1996. 198: 155-173.

Density-dependent settler-recruit-juvenile relationships in blue crabs. A. J. Pile, R. N. Lipcius, J. van Montfrans and R. J. Orth. Ecological Monographs. 1996. 66: 277-300.

Effects of predation on Zostera marina seed abundance. J. R. Fishman and R. J. Orth. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 1996. 198: 11- 26.

Utilization of seagrass habitat by the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun in Chesapeake Bay: A review. R. J. Orth, J. van Montfrans, R. N. Lipcius and K. S. Metcalf. In: Seagrass Biology: Proceedings of an International Workshop. Rottnest Island, Western Australia. J. Kuo, R. C. Phillips, D. I. Walker and H. Kirkman (eds.). Western Australian Museum, Perth. 1996: pp.213-224.

Trophic ecology of two (Syngnathidae) of the lower York River, Virginia. R. L. Teixeira and J. A. Musick. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 1995. 43: 295-309.

Settlement indices for blue crab megalopae in Chesapeake Bay: temporal relationships and statistical efficiency. K. S. Metcalf, J. van Montfrans, R. N. Lipcius, and R. J. Orth. Bulletin of Marine Science. 1995. 57: 781-792.

Settlement of blue crab megalopae in western Atlantic estuaries. J. van Montfrans, C. E. Epifanio, D. M. Knott, R. N. Lipcius, D. J. Mense, K. S. Metcalf, E. J. Olmi, III, R. J. Orth, M. H. Posey, E. L. Wenner and T. M. West. Bulletin of Marine Science. 1995. 57: 834-854.

Waterfowl population trends in the Chesapeake Bay area. M. C. Perry and A. S. Deller. In: P. Hill and S. Nelson (eds.), Toward a Sustainable Coastal Watershed: The Chesapeake Experiment. Proceedings of a Conference. Chesapeake Research Consortium Publication No. 149, Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc. Edgewater, Maryland. 1995. p. 490-500.

The Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea) invasion and system-level ecological change in the Potomac River estuary near Washington, D.C. H. L. Phelps. Estuaries. 1994. 17: 614-621.

Relative responses by epiphytic photoautotrophs and heterotrophs in Zostera marina (eelgrass) microcasms: Responses to nutrient enrichment and grazing. H. A. Neckles, E. T. Koepfler, L. W. Haas, R. L. Wetzel and R. J. Orth. Estuaries. 1994. 17: 597-605.

Resource protection for waterbirds in Chesapeake Bay. R. M. Erwin, G. M. Haramis, and D. G. Krementz. Environmental Management. 1993. 17: 613-619.

Swimming velocities and behavior of blue crab (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun) megalopae in still and flowing water. M. L. Luckenbach and R. J. Orth. Estuaries. 1992. 15: 186-192.

A perspective on plant-animal interactions in seagrasses: physical and biological determinants influencing plant and animal abundance. R. J. Orth. In: D. M. John, S. J. Hawkins, and J. H. Price (eds.). Plant-Animal Interactions in the Marine Benthos. Systematics Special Volume No. 46, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 570 pp. 1992. p. 147-164.

Littoral and intertidal systems of the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. R. J. Orth, K. L. Heck, Jr. and R. J. Diaz. In: A. C. Mathieson and P. H. Nienhuis (eds.) Ecosystems of the World. Vol. 24. Intertidal and Littoral Ecosystems. Elsevier. The Netherlands. 564 pp. 1991. p. 193-214.

Population dynamics of blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, in a lower Chesapeake Bay tidal marsh creek. J. van Montfrans, C. H. Ryer, and R. J. Orth. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 1991. 153: l- 14.

Secondary production within a seagrass bed (Zostera marina - Ruppia maritima) in lower Chesapeake Bay. T. J. Fredette, R. J. Diaz, J. van Montfrans and R. J. Orth. Estuaries. 1990. 13: 431-440.

Variations in structure of estuarine fish communities in relation to abundance of submersed vascular plants. L. Lubbers, W. R. Boynton, and W. M. Kemp. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 1990. 65: 1-14.

Utilization of a seagrass meadow and tidal marsh creek by blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus Rathbun. Spatial and temporal patterns of molting. C. H. Ryer, J. van Montfrans and R. J. Orth. Bulletin of Marine Science. 1990. 46: 95-104.

Utilization of marsh and seagrass habitats by early stages of Callinectes sapidus: A latitudinal perspective. R. J. Orth and J. van Montfrans. Bulletin of Marine Science. 1990. 46: 126-144.

Variation in planktonic availability and settlement of blue crab megalopae in the York River, Virginia. E. J. Olmi, III, J. van Montfrans, R. N. Lipcius, R. J. Orth and P. W. Sadler. Bulletin of Marine Science. 1990. 46: 230-243.

Daily, monthly and annual settlement patterns by Callinectes sapidus and Neopanope sayi megalopae on artificial collectors deployed in the York River, Virginia: 1985-1988. J. van Montfrans, C. Perry, and R. J. Orth. Bulletin of Marine Science. 1990. 46: 214-229.

Planktonic availability, molt stage and settlement of blue crab postlarvae. R. N. Lipcius, E. J. Olmi, III, and J. van Montfrans. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 1990. 58: 235-242. http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/58/m058p235.pdf

Seasonal and temporal distribution and abundance of fishes associated with submersed aquatic plants. K. J. Killgore, R. P. Morgan, II and N. Rybicki. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 1989. 9: 101-111.

Movement of blue crab megalopae into Chesapeake Bay: Observational evidence for a wind driven mechanism. D. J. Goodrich, J. van Montfrans and R. J. Orth. Estuarine Coastal Shelf Science. 1989. 29: 247-260.

Nearshore ichthyoplankton associated with seagrass beds in the lower Chesapeake Bay. J. E. Olney and G. W. Boehlert. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 1988. 45: 33-43. http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/45/m045p033.pdf

Food habits and distribution of wintering canvasbacks Aythya valisineria on Chesapeake Bay. M.C. Perry and F. M. Uhler. Estuaries. 1988. 11: 57-67.

Pipefish foraging: Effects of the fish size, prey size and altered habitat complexity. C. H. Ryer. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 1988. 48: 37-45. http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/48/m048p037.pdf

Utilization of a seagrass meadow and tidal marsh creek by blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus rathbun. I. Seasonal and annual variations in abundance with an emphasis on post-settlement juveniles. R. J. Orth and J. van Montfrans. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 1987. 41:283-294. http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/41/m041p283.pdf

Temporal patterns of blue crab feeding in a lower Chesapeake Bay tidal marsh creek and adjacent seagrass meadow. C. H. Ryer. Estuaries. 1987. 10: 136-140.

Feeding ecology of the northern pipefish, Syngnathus fuscus, in a lower Chesapeake Bay seagrass community. C. H. Ryer and R. J. Orth. Estuaries. 1987. 10: 330-336.

The role of submerged aquatic vegetation in influencing the abundance ofnekton on contiguous tidal fresh-water marshes. L. P. Rozas and W. E. Odum. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 1987. 114: 289-300.

Waterfowl of Chesapeake Bay. M. C. Perry. In: S. K. Majumdar, L. W. Hall, Jr. and H. M. Austin (eds.), Contaminant Problems and Management of Living Chesapeake Resources. The Pennsylvania Academy of Science, Philadelphia. 1987. p. 94-115.

The effects of grazers and light penetration on the survival of transplants of Vallisneria americana Michx in the tidal Potomac River, Maryland. V. Carter, and N. Rybicki. Aquatic Botany. 1986. 23: 197-213.

Benefit taxation for environmental improvement: a case example of Virginia's soft crab industry. L. S. Shabman. Land Economics. 1986. 61: 398-408.

Life history of Gammarus mucronatus Say (Amphipoda: Gammaridae) in warm temperate estuarine habitats, York River, Virginia. T. J. Fredette and R. J. Diaz. Journal Crustacean Biology. 1986. 6: 57-78.

Secondary production of Gammarus mucronatus Say (Amphipoda: Gammaridae) in warm temperate estuarine habitats, York River, Virginia. T. J. Fredette and R. J. Diaz. Journal Crustacean Biology. 1986. 6: 729-741.

Use of microwire tags for tagging juvenile blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus (Rathbun). J. van Montfrans, J. F. Capelli, R. J. Orth and C. H. Ryer. Journal Crustacean Biology. 1986. 6: 370-376.

The nursery role of seagrass meadows in the upper and lower Chesapeake Bay. K. L. Heck, Jr. and T. A. Thoman. Estuaries. 1984. 7: 70-92.

The role of micrograzing on seagrass periphyton: a review. R. J. Orth and J. van Montfrans. Aquatic Botany. 1984. 18: 43-69.

Faunal communities in seagrass beds: A review of the influence of plant structure and prey characteristics on predator-prey relationships. R. J. Orth, K. L. Heck, Jr. and J. van Montfrans. Estuaries. 1984. 7: 339-350.

Epiphyte-grazer relationships in seagrass meadows: Consequences for seagrass growth and production. J. van Montfrans, R. L. Wetzel and R. J. Orth. Estuaries. 1984. 7:

Faunal relationships in seagrass and marsh ecosystems. R. J. Orth, K. L. Heck, Jr. and M. P. Weinstein. Estuaries (special issue consisting of 7 seagrass and 7 marsh papers by different authors). 1984. 7: 273-470.

Population dynamics of an estuarine-dependent fish, the spot, along a tidal creek-seagrass meadow coenocline. M. P. Weinstein. Canadian Journal of Fisheries Aquatic Science. 1983. 40: 1633-1638.

Comparative ecology of nekton residing in a tidal creek and adjacent seagrass meadow: community composition and structure. M. P. Weinstein and H. A. Brooks. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 1983. 12: 15-25.

Feeding chronology, daily ration, and the effects of temperature upon gastric evaluation in the pipefish, Syngnathus fuscus. C. H. Ryer and G. W. Boehlert. Environmental Biology of Fisheries. 1983. 9: 301-306.

Structural and functional aspects of the ecology of submerged macrophyte communities in the lower Chesapeake Bay. Vol. III. Interactions of resident consumers in a temperate estuarine seagrass community: Vaucluse Shores, Virginia, U.S.A. R. J. Orth and J. van Montfrans. Final Report U.S. EPA Grant No. R805974 and Virginia Institute of Marine Science SRAMSOE No.267. 1982. 238 pp.

Submerged aquatic vegetation: Distribution and abundance in the lower Chesapeake Bay and interactive effects of light, epiphytes and grazers. R. J. Orth, K. A. Moore and J. van Montfrans. Final Report. U.S. EPA Chesapeake Bay Program Grant No. X003246. 1982. 141 pp. http://www.vims.edu/GreyLit/VIMS/sav1982.pdf

Preliminary studies of Bittium varium grazing on periphyton. J. van Montfrans, R. J. Orth and S. Vay. Aquatic Botany. 1982. 14: 75-90.

Reproduction biology and recreational fishery for spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus, in the Chesapeake Bay area. N. J. Brown. M.S. Thesis, College of William and Mary. 1981. 120 pp.

Distribution and abundance of waterfowl and submerged aquatic vegetation in Chesapeake Bay. R. E. Munro and M. C. Perry. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. FWS/OBS 78/DX0391. 1981.

Fish predator-prey interactions in areas of Zostera marina .J. Lascara. M.S. Thesis, College of William and Mary. 1981. 81 pp.

Twenty-five year trends in Chesapeake Bay diving duck populations. M. C. Perry, R. E. Munro and G. M. Haramis. Proceedings 46th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference. 1981. p. 299-310.

Seagrass habitats: The roles of habitat complexity, competition and predation in structuring associated fish and motile macroinvertebrate assemblages. K. L. Heck, Jr. and R. J. Orth. In: V. S. Kennedy (ed.) Estuarine Perspectives, Academic Press, New York. 1980. PP. 449-464.

Structural components of Zostera marina meadows in the lower Chesapeake Bay - Fishes. R. J. Orth and K. L. Heck. Estuaries. 1980. 3: 278-288.

Structural components of Zostera marina in the lower Chesapeake Bay - Decapod Crustacea. K. L. Heck and R. J. Orth. Estuaries. 1980. 3: 289- 295.

Summary of available information on Chesapeake Bay submerged vegetation. J. C. Stevenson and N. M. Confer, Eds. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Biological Services. FWS/OBS-78/66. 1978. 335 pp.

Rehabilitation of birds oiled on two mid-Atlantic estuaries. M. C. Perry, F. Ferrigno and F. H. Settle. Proceedings Southeastern Association Game and Fish commissioners. 1978. 32: 318-325.

The effect of Hurricane Agnes on the benthic fauna of Zostera marina, in the lower Chesapeake Bay. R. J. Orth. In: The effects of Tropical Storm Agnes on the Chesapeake Bay estuarine system. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 1977. p. 566-583.

The importance of sediment stability in seagrass communities. R. J. Orth. In: Ecology of Marine Benthos, B. C. Coull (ed.). University of South Carolina Press, Columbia. 1977. p. 281-300.

Ecology of the gastropod epifauna of in a Virginia estuary. G. A. Marsh. Chesapeake Science. 1976. 17: 182-187.

Destruction of Zostera marina, by the cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus, in the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia. R. J. Orth. Chesapeake Science. 1975. 16: 205-208.

The Zostera epifaunal community in the York River, Virginia. G. A. Marsh. Chesapeake Science. 1973. 14: 87-97.

Benthic infauna of Zostera marina, beds. R. J. Orth. Chesapeake Science. 1973. 14: 258-269.

Habitat and breeding ecology-east-central United States. V. D. Stotts. In: P. Barske (ed.), Black duck evaluation, management and research: a symposium Atlantic Waterfowl council wildlife Management Institute. 1969. 193 pp.

Fishes of Isle of Wight and Assawoman Bays near Ocean City, Maryland. F. J. Schwartz. Chesapeake Science. 1964. 5: 172-193.

The black duck in the Chesapeake Bay of Maryland: breeding behavior and biology. V. D. Stotts and D. E. Davis. Chesapeake Science. 1960. l: 127-154.

The black duck Anas rubripes in the upper Chesapeake Bay and its estuaries. V. D. Stotts. Proceedings Southeastern Association Game Fish Commission Conference. 1956. 10: 280-285.

Food of game ducks in the United States and Canada. A. C. Martin and F. M. Uhler. U. S. Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 634, Washington, D. C. 1939. 308 pp.

Master Theses and Ph.D. Dissertations

Effects of habitat fragmentation on the utilization of (Zostera marina) by mobile epifauna and macrofauna. S. R. Marion. M.S. Thesis. College of William and Mary. 2001. 98 pp.

Does plant diversity control animal diversity? An experimental approach. J. D. Parker. M.S. Thesis. College of William and Mary. 1998. 74 pp.

The influence of location, seagrass species and water depth on the settlement and distribution of early stage blue crabs. R. A. Pardieck. Masters Thesis. College of William and Mary. 1996. 57 pp.

The role of predation on Zostera marina L. seed abundance. J. R. Fishman. Masters Thesis. College of William and Mary. 1994. 62 pp.

Cannabalism experiments with the blue crab Callinectes sapidus: potential effects of size and abundance. C. Peery. M.S. Thesis. College of William and Mary. 1989. 29 pp.

Studies of pipefish foraging in simulated seagrass habitats. C. H. Ryer. Ph.D. Dissertation. College of William and Mary. 1987. 90 pp.

Life history and secondary production of the crustacean Gammarus mucronatus Say in warm temperate estuarine habitats, York River, Va. T. J. Fredette. College of William and Mary. 1983.

Zooplankton communities in Chesapeake Bay seagrass systems. C. E. Meyer. M.S. Thesis, College of William and Mary. 1982. 96 pp.

Utilization of a Zostera marina and Ruppia maritima habitat by four decapods with emphasis on Callinectes sapidus. Deborah Penry. M.S. Thesis. College of William and Mary. 1982. 101 pp.

Waterfowl utilization of a submerged vegetation (Zostera marina and Ruppia maritima) bed in the lower Chesapeake Bay area. E. Wilkins. M.S. Thesis. College of William and Mary. 1981. 120 pp.

The feeding ecology and trophic role of the northern pipefish, Synathus fuscus, in lower Chesapeake Bay seagrass community. C. H. Ryer. M.S. Thesis. College of William and Mary. 1981. 77 pp.

The life history of the cownose ray, Rhinoptera Bonasus (Mitchill) in Lower Chesapeake Bay, with notes on the management of the species. J. W. Smith. M.A. Thesis. College of William and Mary. 1980. 151 pp.

The role of disturbance in an Zostera marina community, R. J. Orth. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Maryland. 1975. 115 pp.

The comparative ecology of two species of pipefish (Syngnathidae) in the York River, Virginia. L. Mercer. M.S. Thesis. College of William and Mary. 1973. 37 pp.

Benthic infauna of Zostera marina, beds. R. J. Orth. M.S. Thesis. University of Virginia. 1971. 79 pp.

A seasonal study of Zostera epibiota in the York River, Va. G.A. Marsh. Ph.D. Dissertation. College of William and Mary. 1970. 156 pp.

5. Restoration and Management

Published Papers and Reports

Production and Field Planting of Vegetative Propagules for Restoration of Redhead Grass and
Sago Pondweed in Chesapeake Bay.Murray, L., W. M. Kemp, D. Hindle, and D. Shafer, 2009. ERDC/TN SAV-09-1, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS.
http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/sav/pubs.cfm?Topic=TechNote&Code=sav

The charisma of coastal ecosystems: addressing the imbalance. Duarte, C. M., W. C. Dennison, R. J. Orth, and T. J. B. Carruthers. 2008. Estuaries and Coasts 31:233-238.

Restoring eelgrass (Zostera marina) from seed: A comparison of planting methods for large scale projects.  Orth, R., S. Marion, S. Granger and M. Traber.  2008. SAV Technical Notes Collection (ERDC/TN SAV-87-1). Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center.

Restoring (Zostera marina) from seed: A comparison of planting methods for large-scale projects. R. J. Orth, S. Marion, S. Granger, M. Traber. 2008. ERDC/TN SAV-08-1. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS. http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/elpubs/pdf/sav08-1.pdf

Large-Scale Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Restoration in Chesapeake Bay: Status Report, 2003-2006.Shafer, D. and P. Bergstrom. 2008. ERDC TR/SAV-08-20.U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS. http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/elpubs/pdf/trel08-20.pdf

Using seeds to propogate and restore Vallisneria americana Michaux (wild celery) in the Chesapeake Bay. K. A. Moore, J. C. Jarvis. 2007. ERDC/TN SAV-07-03. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS. http://el.erdc.usace.army.mil/elpubs/pdf/sav07-3.pdf

Restoration Potential of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in the Tidal Pocomoke River (Chesapeake Bay, USA), Ecological Restoration, Baldizar, J. and Rybicki, N. B., 2007. 25: 138-139 pp.

Innovative techniques for large-scale collection, processing, and storage of eelgrass (Zostera marina) seeds. Orth, R. J., and S. R. Marion. 2007. SAV Technical Notes Collection (ERDC/TN SAV-07-2). Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center.

Exploring causes of a seagrass transplant failure in the Potomac River (Virginia), Ecological Restoration, Schenk, E. R. and Rybicki, N. B. 2006. 24: 116-118 pp.

A global crisis for seagrass ecosystems. Orth, R. J., T. J. B. Carruthers, W. C. Dennison, C. M. Duarte, J. W. Fourqurean, K. L. Heck, Jr., A. R. Hughes, G. A. Kendrick, W. J. Kenworthy, S. Olyarnik, F. T. Short, M. Waycott, and S. L. Williams. Bioscience. 2006. 56: 987-996.

Eutrophication of Chesapeake Bay: historical trends and ecological interactions. W. M. Kemp plus 17 authors. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2005. 303: 1-29. http://www.int-res.com/articles/feature/m303p001.pdf

Seagrass recovery in the Delmarva Coastal Bays, USA. R.J. Orth, M.L. Luckenbach, S. R. Marion, K. A. Moore, D. J. Wilcox. Aquatic Botany. 2005. 84: 26-36.

Habitat requirements for submerged aquatic vegetation in Chesapeake Bay: Water quality, light regime, and physical-chemical factors. W.M. Kemp, R. Batuik, R. Bartleson, P. Bergstrom, V. Carter, G. Gallegos, W. Hunley, L. Karrh, E. Koch, J. Landwehr, K. Moore. L. Murray, M. Naylor, N. Rybicki, J.C. Stevenson, and D. Wilcox. Estuaries. 2004. 27: 363-377.

Seed-density effects on germination and initial seedling establishment in Zostera marina in the Chesapeake Bay region. R. J. Orth, J. R. Fishman, M. C. Harwell, S. R. Marion. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2003. 250 71-79.

Long-distance disperal potential in a marine macrophyte. M. C. Harwell and R. J. Orth. Ecology. 2002. 83: 3319-3330.

Impact of boat-generated waves on a seagrass habitat. E. W. Koch. 2002. Journal of Coastal Research. 2002. SI 37: 66-74.

A perspective on two decades of policies and regulations influencing the protection and restoration of submerged aquatic vegetation in Chesapeake Bay, USA. R. J. Orth, R.A., R. A. Batiuk, P.W. Bergstrom, and K. A. Moore. Bulletin of Marine Science. 2002. 71: 1391-1403.

Identification and management of fishing gear impacts in a recovering seagrass system in the coastal bays of the Delmarva peninsula, USA. R. J. Orth, J. R. Fishman, D. J. Wilcox, and K. A. Moore. Journal of Coastal Research. 2002. SI 37: 111-129.

Calculating optical water quality targets to restore and protect submersed aquatic vegetation: overcoming problems in partitioning the diffuse attenuation coefficient for photosynthetically active radiation. C. L. Gallegos. Estuaries. 2001. 24: 381-397.

Ecological dispersal mechanisms, reproductive ecology, and the importance of scale in Zostera marina in Chesapeake Bay. M. C. Harwell. Ph.D. College of William and Mary. 2000. 282 pp.

(Zostera marina L.) seed protection for field experiments and implications for large-scale restoration. M. C. Harwell and R. J. Orth. Aquatic Botany. 1999. 64: 51-61.

A rapid and simple method for transplanting using single, unanchored shoots. R. J. Orth, M. C. Harwell, J. R. Fishman. Aquatic Botany. 1999.64: 77-85.

Genetic Diversity and Structure of Natural and Transplanted Populations in the Chesapeake and Chincoteague Bays. S. L. Williams and R. J. Orth. Estuaries. 1998. 21: 118-128.

Viability and growth of submersed macrophyte propagules from the Potomac River: Laboratory studies. D. G. McFarland and J. W. Barko. Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting Aquatic Plant Control Program, Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, Mississippi. 1995: p. 219-232.

The effects of hydraulic clam dredging on nearshore turbidity and light attenuation in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. K. K. Ruffin. Masters Thesis. University of Maryland. 1995. 31 pp.

Revegetation and propagule transport in the tidal Potomac River. N. B. Rybicki, and V. Carter. Proceedings of the 29th. Annual Meeting Aquatic Plant Control Program, Corps of Engineers, Vicksburg, Mississippi. 1995. 201-218 pp.

Invasions and declines of submersed macrophytes in the tidal Potomac River and Estuary, the Currituck Sound-Back Bay system and the Pamlico River Estuary. V. Carter and N. B. Rybicki. Lake and Reservoir Management. 1994. 10: 39-48.

Chesapeake Bay submersed aquatic vegetation: water quality relationships and restoration goals. R. J. Orth. Lake and Reservoir Management. 1994. 10: 49-52.

Seed dispersal in a marine macrophyte: Implications for colonization and restoration. R. J. Orth, M. L. Luckenbach and K. A. Moore. Ecology. 1994. 75: 1927-1939.

Assessing water quality with submersed aquatic vegetation. W. C. Dennison, R. J. Orth, K. A. Moore, J. C. Stevenson, V. Carter, S. Kollar, P. Bergstrom and R. A. Batiuk. Bioscience. 1993. 43: 86-94.

Habitat requirements of SAV in Chesapeake Bay based on water quality. R.J. Orth. In: L. J. Morris and D. A. Tomasko (eds.). Proceedings and conclusions of workshops on: submerged aquatic vegetation initiative and photosynthetically active radiation. Special Publication SJ93-SP13.Palatka, Florida: St. Johns River Water Management District. 1993. p. 67-76.

Submerged aquatic vegetation habitat requirements and restoration goals: a Technical Synthesis. R. Batiuk, R. J. Orth, K. Moore, P. Heasley, W. Dennison, J. C. Stevenson, L. Staver, V. Carter, N. Rybicki, S. Kollar, R. E. Hickman and S. Bieber. U.S. EPA Final Report. CBP/TRS 83/92. 1992.

Chesapeake Executive Council. 1992. Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Restoration Goals. Annapolis, MD.

Development of water quality standards based on species' habitat requirements: A case study from the Chesapeake Bay using submerged aquatic vegetation. R. J. Orth, K. Moore, R. Batiuk, P. Heasley, W. Dennison, J. C. Stevenson, L. Staver, V. Carter, N. Rybicki, S. Kollar, R. E. Hickman and S. Bieber. In: G. H. Flock (ed.). Proceedings 2nd Annual Water Quality Standards Conference for the 21st Century. Arlington, VA December, 1991, 251 pp. 1991. p. 177-182.

Monitoring seagrass distribution and abundance patterns: A case study from the Chesapeake Bay. R. J. Orth, K. A. Moore, and J. F. Nowak. In: S. J. Kiraly, F. A. Cross, and J. D. Buffington (eds.). Federal Coastal Wetland Mapping Programs. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biology Report90 (18). 1990. 174 pp.

Submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay: A barometer of bay health. R. J. Orth and K. A. Moore. In: Lynch, M. P., J. A. Mihursky and E. K. Krome (eds). Understanding the Estuary: Advances in Chesapeake Bay Research. Proc. Conf. Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc. Publ. No.129, Gloucester Point, VA. 1988. p. 619-629.

Chesapeake Executive Council. 1987. Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Restoration Goals. Annapolis, MD.

The effects of grazers and light penetration on the survival of transplants of Vallisneria americana Michx in the tidal Potomac River, Maryland. V. Carter and N. Rybicki. Aquatic Botany. 1986. 23: 197-213.

Economic losses association with the degradation of an ecosystem: The case of submerged aquatic vegetation in Chesapeake Bay. J. R. Kahn and W. M. Kemp. Journal of Economic and Environmental Management. 1985. 12: 246-263.

SAV reestablishment results. Upper Chesapeake Bay. S. A. Kollar. In: Coastal Zone '85. Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management. 1985. p. 759-777.

Submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay: value, trends and management. R. J. Orth. In: H. Groman, E. Meyers, D. Burke and J. Kusler (eds.). Wetlands Conference on the Chesapeake Bay. Environmental Law Institute, Washington, D. C. 1985. p. 84-95.

Seagrass communities as a coastal resource. W. M. Kemp. Marine Technical Society Journal. 1983. 17: 3-5.

The decline of submerged vascular plants in upper Chesapeake Bay: Summary of results concerning possible causes. W. M. Kemp, W. R. Boynton, J. C. Stevenson, R. R. Twilley, and J. C. Means. Marine Technical Society Journal. 1983. 17: 78-89.

The decline of submerged macrophyte systems in Chesapeake Bay: Modeling the eco/energetic and socio/economic implications. W. R. Boynton, W. M. Kemp, A. Hermann, J. Kahn, T. Schueler, S. Bollinger, S. Longergan, and J. Zucchetto. In: W. Mitsch, R. Bosserman, J. Klopatik (eds.). Energy and ecololgical modeling. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 1982. pp. 441-454.

An analysis of energetic and economic values associated with the decline of submerged macrophytic communities in Chesapeake Bay. W. R. Boynton, W. M. Kemp, A. J. Hermann, J. R. Kahn, T. R. Schueler, S. Bollinger, S. C. Lonergan, J. C. Stevenson, R. Twilley, K. Staver and J. J. Zucchetto. In: W. J. Mitsch, R. W. Bosserman and J. M. Klopatek, eds. Energy and ecological modeling. Developments in Environmental Modeling. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam. 1981. p. 441-454.

Summary of available information on Chesapeake Bay submerged aquatic vegetation. J. C. Stevenson and N. M. Confer, Eds. United States Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Services Program FWS/OBS - 78/66, Washington, D. C. 1978. 335 pp.

Masters Theses and Ph.D. Dissertations

An examination of potential conflict between SAV and hard clam aquaculture in the Lower Chesapeake Bay. H. Woods. M.S. Thesis. College of William and Mary. 2001. 131 pp.

The effects of hydraulic clam dredging on nearshore turbidity and light attenuation in Chesapeake Bay, MD. K. K. Ruffin. M.S. Thesis. University of Maryland. 1995. pp. 92.

The economic damages resulting from the depletion of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay. J.R. Kahn. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park. 1981.

6. Coastal Bays (Maryland and Virginia)

Published Papers and Reports

Effects of sediment organic content and hydrodynamic conditions on the growth and distribution of Zostera marina. 2009. Wicks, C. E., E. W. Koch, J. M. O'Neil, K. Elliston. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 378: 71-80.

Spatial characterization of environmental gradients in a coastal lagoon system, Chincoteague Bay. T. R. Allen, H. T. Tolvanen, G. F. Oertel, and G. M. McLeod. Estuaries and Coasts. 2007. 30: 959-977.

2006 Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay. R. J. Orth, D. J. Wilcox, L. S. Nagey, A. L. Owens, J. R. Whiting, and A. Kenne. VIMS Special Scientific Report Number 150. Final Report to NOAA, Washington, D.C. Grant No. NA06NMF4570118. 2007. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav06

Linking water quality to living resources in a mid-Atlantic lagoon system, USA. Wazniak, C. E., M. R. Hall, T. J. B. Carruthers, B. Sturgis, W. C. Dennison, and R. J. Orth.  2007. Ecological Applications 17: S64-S78.

2005 Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay. R. J. Orth, D. J. Wilcox, L. S. Nagey, A. L. Owens, J. R. Whiting, and A. Kenne. VIMS Special Scientific Report Number 147. Final Report to U.S. EPA, Cheapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD. Grant No. CB973219-01-0, 2006. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav05

SeagrassNet monitoring across the Americas: case studies of seagrass decline. F. T. Short, E. W. Koch, J. C. Creed, K. Magalhaes, E. Fernandez and J. L. Gaeckle. Marine Ecology. 2006. 27: 277-289. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2006.00095.x

Seagrass recovery in the Delmarva Coastal Bays, USA. R. J. Orth, M. L. Luckenbach, S. R. Marion, K. A. Moore, D. J. Wilcox. Aquatic Botany. 2005. 84: 26-36.

2004 Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and coastal bays. R. J. Orth, D. J. Wilcox, L. S. Nagey, A. L. Owens, J. R. Whiting, and A. Kenne. VIMS Special Scientific Report Number 146. Final Report to U.S. EPA, Cheapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD. Grant No. CB9973013-01-0, 2005. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav04

State of the Maryland Coastal Bays. Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Maryland Coastal Bay Program, and University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Integration, and Application Network, Annapolis, Maryland. C. Wazniak, M. Hall, C.Cain, D. Wilson, R. Jesien, J. Thomas, C. Carruthers, and W. Dennison. 2004. (http://www.mdcoastalbays.org/archive/2004/MCB-State-Bay-2004.pdf, August 17, 2005).

2003 Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and coastal bays. R. J. Orth, D. J. Wilcox, L. S. Nagey, A. L. Owens, J. R. Whiting, and A. Serio. VIMS Special Scientific Report Number 144. Final Report to U.S. EPA, Cheapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD. Grant No. CB983807-01-0, 2004. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav03

The seagrasses of the Mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. E.W. Koch and R. J. Orth. 2003. pp. 234-243. In: E.P. Green and F.T. Short (eds.). World Atlas of Seagrasses. University of California Press, Berkley, California.

Seed-density effects on germination and initial seedling establishment in Zostera marina in the Chesapeake Bay region. R. J. Orth, J. R. Fishman, M. C. Harwell, S. R. Marion. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2003. 250: 71-79.

2002 Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and coastal bays. R. J. Orth, D. J. Wilcox, L. S. Nagey, A. L. Owens, J. R. Whiting, and A. Serio. VIMS Special Scientific Report Number 139. Final report to U.S. EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD. Grant No.CB983649-01-0, 2003. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav02

Long-distance dispersal potential in a marine macrophyte. M. C. Harwell and R. J. Orth. Ecology. 2002. 83: 3319-3330.

2001 Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and coastal bays. R. J. Orth, D. J. Wilcox, L. S. Nagey, A. L. Tillman, and J. R. Whiting. VIMS Special Scientific Report Number 143. Final report to U.S. EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD. Grant No.CB993777-04-0, 2002. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav01

2000 Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and coastal bays. R. J. Orth, D. J. Wilcox, L. S. Nagey, J. R. Whiting, and J. R. Fishman. VIMS Special Scientific Report Number 142. Final report to U.S. EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD. Grant No.CB993777-02-0, 2001. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav00

1999 Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and coastal bays. R. J. Orth, D. J. Wilcox, L. S. Nagey, J. R. Whiting, and J. R. Fishman. VIMS Special Scientific Report Number 141. Final report to U.S. EPA, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD. Grant No.CB993777-02-0, 2000. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav99

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and the coastal bays - 1998. R. J. Orth, J. F. Nowak, D. J. Wilcox, J. R. Whiting, and L. S. Nagey. Final Report U. S. EPA. 1999. 370 pp. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav98

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1997. R. J. Orth, J. F. Nowak, D. J. Wilcox, J. R. Whiting, and L. S. Nagey. Final Report U. S. EPA. 1998. 351 pp. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav97

Genetic diversity and structure of natural and transplanted populations in the Chesapeake and Chincoteague Bays. S. L. Williams and R. J. Orth. Estuaries. 1998. 21: 118-128.

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1996. R. J. Orth, J. F. Nowak, D. J. Wilcox, J. R. Whiting, and L. S. Nagey. Final Report U.S. EPA. 1997. 299 pp. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav96

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1995. R. J. Orth, J. F. Nowak, G. F. Anderson, D. J. Wilcox, J. R. Whiting, and L. S. Nagey. Final Report U.S. EPA. 1996. 293 pp. http://www.vims.edu/bio/sav/sav95

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1994. R. J. Orth, J. F. Nowak, G. F. Anderson, D. J. Wilcox, J. R. Whiting, and L. S. Nagey. Final Report U.S. EPA. 1995. 290 pp. http://www.vms.edu/bio/sav/sav94

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1993. R. J. Orth, J. F. Nowak, G. F. Anderson, and J. R. Whiting. Final Report U.S. EPA 1994. 262 pp.

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1992. R. J. Orth, J. F. Nowak, G. F. Anderson, and J. R. Whiting. Final Report U.S. EPA. 1993. 268 pp.

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1991. R. J. Orth, J. F. Nowak, G. F. Anderson, K. P. Kiley, and J. R. Whiting. Final Report U.S. EPA. 1992. 260 pp. http://www.vims.edu/GreyLit/VIMS/sav1991.pdf

Distribution and abundance of waterfowl and submerged aquatic vegetation in Chesapeake Bay. R. E. Munro and M. C. Perry. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. FWS/OBS 78/DX0391. 1991.

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1990. R. J. Orth, J. F. Nowak, A. A. Frisch, K. P. Kiley, and J. R. Whiting. Final Report U.S. EPA. 1991. 260 pp.

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1989. R. J. Orth and J. F. Nowak. Final Report U.S. EPA. 1990. 249 pp. http://www.vims.edu/GreyLit/VIMS/sav1989.pdf

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1987. R. J. Orth, A. A. Frisch, J. F. Nowak and K. A. Moore. Final Report. U.S. E.P.A. 1989. 247 pp. http://www.vims.edu/GreyLit/VIMS/sav1989.pdf

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries and Chincoteague Bay - 1986. R. J. Orth, J. Simons, J. Capelli, V. Carter, A. Frisch, L. Hindman, S. Hodges, K. Moore and N. Rybicki. Final Report. U.S. E.P.A. 1987. 191 pp.

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries - 1985. R. J. Orth, J. Simons, J. Capelli, V. Carter, L. Hindman, S. Hodges, K. Moore and N. Rybicki. Final Report. U.S. E.P.A. 1986. 305 pp.
http://www.vims.edu/GreyLit/VIMS/sav1985.pdf

Distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in the Chesapeake Bay and tributaries - 1984. R. J. Orth, J. Simons, R. Allaire, V. Carter, L. Hindman, K. Moore and N. Rybicki. Final report. U.S. E.P.A. 1985. 155 pp.
http://www.vims.edu/GreyLit/VIMS/sav1984.pdf

Benthic infauna of , Zostera marina, beds. R. J. Orth. Chesapeake Science. 1973. 14: 258-269.

Fishes of Isle of Wight and Assawoman Bays near Ocean City, Maryland. F. J. Schwartz. Chesapeake Science. 1964. 5: 172-193.

Abundance of the hard clam mercenaria mercenaira in relation to environmental factors. H. W. Wells. 1957. Ecology. 38: 123-128.

Masters Theses and Ph.D. Dissertations

Benthic infauna of , Zostera marina, beds. R. J. Orth. M.S. Thesis. University of Virginia. 1971. 79 pp.

The effect of sea level rise on seagrasses: Is sediment adjacent to retreating marshes suitable for seagrass growth? E. C. Wicks. MS Thesis. University of Maryland. College Park, Maryland. 2005.

7. Reference Books Related to SAV Monitoring

Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern United States: Monocotyledons. Godfrey, R. K. and J. W. Wooten. 1979. The University of Georgia Press, Athens, GA. 712 pp.

Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern United States: Dicotyledons. Godfrey, R. K. and J. W. Wooten. 1981. The University of Georgia Press, Athens, GA. 933 pp.

Atlas of the Virginia Flora: Part I, Pteridophytes through Monocotyledons. Harvill, A. M., C. E. Stevens, and D. M. E. Ware. 1977. Virginia Botanical Associates, Farmville, VA. 59 pp.

Atlas of the Virginia Flora: Part II, Dicotyledons. Harvill, A. M., T. R. Bradley, and C. E. Stevens. 1981. Virginia Botanical Associates, Farmville, VA. 148 pp.

The Marine Algae of Virginia. Humm, Harold J. 1979. Special Papers in Marine Science, Number 3, Virginia Institute of Marine Science. The University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA. 263 pp.

A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada and Greenland: Volume II, The Biota of North America. Kartesz, J. T. and R. Kartesz. 1980. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC. 498 pp.

Aerial Photography and Image Interpretation for Resource Management. Paine, David P. 1981. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, NY. 571 pp.

Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. Radford, A. E., H. E. Ahles, and C. R. Bell. 1968. The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC. 1183 pp.

Summary of Available Information on Chesapeake Bay Submerged Vegetation. Stevenson, J. C. and N. Confer. 1978. U.S. Dept. of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. FWS/0BS-78/66. 335 pp.

A Revision of the Characeae: Volume II, Iconograph of the Characeae. Wood, R. D. and K. Imarhori. 1964. Verlag Von J. Cramer, Weinheim, Germany. 395 icones with index.

A Revision of the Characeae: Volume I, Monograph of the Characeae. Wood, R. D. and K. Imahori. 1965. Verlag Von J. Cramer, Weinheim, Germany. 904 pp.